Exam question 4 · Why honesty matters: trust holds everything together

Given that a child conceals a minor accident from a parent, ascertain the statement most consistent with the established reasoning of this lesson.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, child, lesson · What happens: give, conceal, ascertain, establish, reason · To what, where: minor accident, statement

This is exam question 4 of lesson 81 «Why honesty matters: trust holds everything together» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 ascertain	advcl
2	that	that	SCONJ	_	5 conceals	mark
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 child	det
4	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 conceals	nsubj
5	conceals	conceal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Given	advcl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 accident	det
7	minor	minor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 accident	amod
8	accident	accident	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 conceals	obj
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 parent	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 parent	det
11	parent	parent	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 accident	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 ascertain	punct
13	ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 statement	det
15	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ascertain	obj
16	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	17 consistent	advmod
17	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 statement	amod
18	with	with	ADP	_	21 reasoning	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 reasoning	det
20	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	21 reasoning	amod
21	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 consistent	obl
22	of	of	ADP	_	24 lesson	case
23	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	24 lesson	det
24	lesson	lesson	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 reasoning	nmod
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	give	participle	you not said here			vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	conceal	present	a child	a minor accident	from a parent	vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent accident=Patient from parent=Beneficiary
3	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the statement		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent statement=Topic
4	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
5	reason		this lesson			nom reasoning «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The concealment is commendable, the parent being thereby spared distress and the household preserved from needless anger

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 concealment	det
2	concealment	concealment	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 commendable	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 commendable	cop
4	commendable	commendable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 distress	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 parent	det
7	parent	parent	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 distress	nsubj
8	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 distress	cop
9	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	10 spared	advmod
10	spared	spare	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 distress	amod
11	distress	distress	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 commendable	conj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 household	cc
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 household	det
14	household	household	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 distress	conj
15	preserved	preserve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 distress	acl
16	from	from	ADP	_	18 anger	case
17	needless	needless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 anger	amod
18	anger	anger	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 preserved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	the concealment		commendable property	tree rules
2	spare	participle			thereby property	vn bill-54.5 «NP V NP NP.asset»: agent=Agent
3	is a	gerund	the parent	spared distress and the household		tree rules
4	preserve	participle		spared distress and the household not said here	from needless anger	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent from anger=Theme

Option 2

The concealment is permissible provided that no third party observed the accident

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 concealment	det
2	concealment	concealment	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 provided	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 provided	aux:pass
4	permissible	permissible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 provided	amod
5	provided	provide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 observed	mark
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	9 party	det
8	third	third	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	9 party	amod
9	party	party	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 observed	nsubj
10	observed	observe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 provided	advcl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 accident	det
12	accident	accident	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 observed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	provide	present · passive		the concealment					vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	observe	past	no third party	the accident					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent accident=Topic

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The concealment adds a falsehood to the original mistake and damages trust more than the accident

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 concealment	det
2	concealment	concealment	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 adds	nsubj
3	adds	add	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 falsehood	det
5	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 adds	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	9 mistake	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 mistake	det
8	original	original	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 mistake	amod
9	mistake	mistake	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 adds	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 trust	cc
11	damages	damage	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 trust	nsubj
12	trust	trust	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 adds	conj
13	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 trust	obj
14	than	than	ADP	_	16 accident	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 accident	det
16	accident	accident	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 more	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	present	the concealment	a falsehood				to the original mistake	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent falsehood=Patient to mistake=Co-Patient
2	trust	present	damages	more					vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Theme

Option 4

The concealment is of no consequence, the accident having been minor

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 concealment	det
2	concealment	concealment	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 consequence	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consequence	cop
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 consequence	case
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 consequence	det
6	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 accident	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 accident	det
9	accident	accident	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 consequence	conj
10	having	have	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 consequence	acl
11	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	12 minor	cop
12	minor	minor	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 having	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	the concealment		of no consequence and the accident	tree rules
2	have	gerund	no consequence and the accident not said here			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	is a	participle		minor		tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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