Exam question 4 · Kind truths: honesty with a gentle voice

Ascertain which statement concerning an expression of hope, as distinct from an assertion of certainty, is consistent with this lesson.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, statement · What happens: ascertain, concern, be, assert · To what, where: statement, expression, certainty

This is exam question 4 of lesson 84 «Kind truths: honesty with a gentle voice» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	3 statement	det
3	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 statement	acl
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 expression	det
6	expression	expression	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 concerning	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 hope	case
8	hope	hope	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 expression	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 distinct	punct
10	as	as	ADP	_	11 distinct	case
11	distinct	distinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Ascertain	conj
12	from	from	ADP	_	14 assertion	case
13	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 assertion	det
14	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 distinct	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 certainty	case
16	certainty	certainty	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 assertion	nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 consistent	punct
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 consistent	cop
19	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Ascertain	parataxis
20	with	with	ADP	_	22 lesson	case
21	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	22 lesson	det
22	lesson	lesson	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 consistent	obl
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	which statement		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent statement=Topic
2	concern	gerund	which statement not said here	a expression of hope		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus expression=Experiencer
3	is	present			with this lesson; consistent property	tree rules
4	assert			certainty		nom assertion «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The sharing of a hope, presented as a hope, does not constitute a falsehood

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sharing	det
2	sharing	sharing	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 constitute	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 hope	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 hope	det
5	hope	hope	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sharing	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 presented	punct
7	presented	present	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 hope	acl
8	as	as	ADP	_	10 hope	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 hope	det
10	hope	hope	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 presented	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 sharing	punct
12	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 constitute	aux
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 constitute	advmod
14	constitute	constitute	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 falsehood	det
16	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 constitute	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	present	participle		a hope not said here				as a hope	vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	not constitute	present · do-support	the sharing of a hope	a falsehood					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme falsehood=Pivot

Option 2

The sharing of any hope invariably constitutes a falsehood, since the future cannot be known

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sharing	det
2	sharing	sharing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 constitutes	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 hope	case
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	5 hope	det
5	hope	hope	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sharing	nmod
6	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	7 constitutes	advmod
7	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 falsehood	det
9	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 constitutes	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 known	punct
11	since	since	SCONJ	_	17 known	mark
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 future	det
13	future	future	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 known	nsubj:pass
14	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 known	aux
15	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	17 known	advmod
16	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	17 known	aux:pass
17	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 constitutes	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	the sharing of any hope	a falsehood				invariably property	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme falsehood=Pivot
2	not know	can · passive		the future					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus

Option 3

Neither hope nor certainty may be expressed to a bereaved person

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	DET	PronType=Neg	2 hope	det
2	hope	hope	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 expressed	nsubj:pass
3	nor	nor	CCONJ	Polarity=Neg	4 certainty	cc
4	certainty	certainty	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hope	conj
5	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 expressed	aux
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 expressed	aux:pass
7	expressed	express	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	to	to	ADP	_	11 person	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 person	det
10	bereaved	bereaved	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 person	amod
11	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 expressed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	express	may · passive		neither hope nor certainty	a bereaved person				vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to person=Recipient

Option 4

An assertion of certainty is required whenever comfort is offered

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 required	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 certainty	case
4	certainty	certainty	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 assertion	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 required	aux:pass
6	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	whenever	whenever	SCONJ	_	10 offered	mark
8	comfort	comfort	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 offered	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 offered	aux:pass
10	offered	offer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 required	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	roles by
1	require	present · passive	a assertion of certainty	vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
2	offer	present · passive	comfort	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme
3	assert		certainty	nom assertion «communication transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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