Exam question 1 · Good secrets and bad secrets

Which of the following most accurately characterises the distinction between a surprise and a harmful secret?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: distinction

This is exam question 1 of lesson 87 «Good secrets and bad secrets» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	7 characterises	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 characterises	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 characterises	csubj
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 accurately	advmod
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	7 characterises	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 distinction	det
9	distinction	distinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 characterises	obj
10	between	between	ADP	_	12 surprise	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 surprise	det
12	surprise	surprise	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 distinction	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 secret	cc
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 secret	det
15	harmful	harmful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 secret	amod
16	secret	secret	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 surprise	conj
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the distinction				between a surprise and a harmful secret; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The former must always be disclosed immediately; the latter may be kept indefinitely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 former	det
2	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 disclosed	csubj:pass
3	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 disclosed	aux
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 disclosed	advmod
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 disclosed	aux:pass
6	disclosed	disclose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	immediately	immediately	ADV	_	6 disclosed	advmod
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 kept	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 latter	det
10	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 kept	nsubj:pass
11	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 kept	aux
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	13 kept	aux:pass
13	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 disclosed	conj
14	indefinitely	indefinitely	ADV	_	13 kept	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	disclose	must · passive						always, immediately property	vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»
2	keep	may · passive		the latter				indefinitely property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The former is brief, occasions happiness when disclosed and conceals no harm; the latter conceals harm

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 former	det
2	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 brief	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 brief	cop
4	brief	brief	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 occasions	punct
6	occasions	occasion	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 brief	conj
7	happiness	happiness	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 occasions	obj
8	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	9 disclosed	advmod
9	disclosed	disclose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 occasions	advcl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 conceals	cc
11	conceals	conceal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 occasions	conj
12	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 harm	det
13	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 conceals	obj
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 conceals	punct
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 latter	det
16	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 conceals	nsubj
17	conceals	conceal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 brief	conj
18	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 conceals	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	the former		brief property	tree rules
2	occasion	present	the former not said here	happiness		tree rules
3	disclose	participle	the former not said here			vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	conceal	present	the former not said here	no harm		vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harm=Patient
5	conceal	present	the latter	harm		vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harm=Patient

Option 3

There is no distinction, both being forms of deception

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 is	expl
2	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 distinction	det
4	distinction	distinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 is	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 forms	punct
6	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	8 forms	det
7	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 forms	cop
8	forms	form	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 distinction	conj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 deception	case
10	deception	deception	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 forms	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	does	present	no distinction and both forms			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is a	gerund	no distinction and both forms not said here	both forms				of deception	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

The former is invariably kept by adults; the latter invariably by children

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 former	det
2	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 kept	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 kept	aux:pass
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	5 kept	advmod
5	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 adults	case
7	adults	adult	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 kept	obl
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 latter	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 latter	det
10	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 kept	conj
11	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	10 latter	advmod
12	by	by	ADP	_	13 children	case
13	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 kept	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present · passive	adults	the former				by children; invariably property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent subject=Theme by child=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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