Test 10 · ★ · Owning up: the broken vase and the lost library book Ms Byrne says the cherry-tree story was probably invented. Your mate says, "So it's a lie and useless." What is fair?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Ms, mate · What happens: say, invent, be · To what, where: tree story, lie · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 89 «Owning up: the broken vase and the lost library book» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Ms Byrne says the cherry-tree story was probably invented.
nsubj flat det compound punct compound nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod ccomp punct root Ms PROPN Byrne PROPN says VERB the DET cherry NOUN - PUNCT tree NOUN story NOUN was AUX probably ADV invented VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ms Ms PROPN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 2 Byrne Byrne PROPN Number=Sing 1 Ms flat 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 story det 5 cherry cherry NOUN Number=Sing 7 tree compound 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 cherry punct 7 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 8 story compound 8 story story NOUN Number=Sing 11 invented nsubj:pass 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 invented aux:pass 10 probably probably ADV _ 11 invented advmod 11 invented invent VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 says ccomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Ms vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 invent past · passive the tree story probably property vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Your mate says, "So it's a lie and useless."
nmod:poss nsubj punct punct advmod nsubj cop det ccomp cc conj punct punct root Your PRON mate NOUN says VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT So ADV it PRON 's AUX a DET lie NOUN and CCONJ useless ADJ . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 mate nmod:poss 2 mate mate NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 says punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 10 lie punct 6 So so ADV _ 10 lie advmod 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 lie nsubj 8 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 lie cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 lie det 10 lie lie NOUN Number=Sing 3 says ccomp 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 useless cc 12 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos 10 lie conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 lie punct 14 " " PUNCT _ 10 lie punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Your mate vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is a in a quote present mate a lie tree rules 3 be in a quote mate not said here tree rules
Sentence 3: What is fair?
nsubj cop punct root What PRON is AUX fair ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 3 fair nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 fair cop 3 fair fair ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 fair punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present fair property tree rules
The options Option 1 Stories should never be used to teach anything
nsubj:pass aux advmod aux:pass mark advcl obj root Stories NOUN should AUX never ADV be AUX used VERB to PART teach VERB anything PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stories story NOUN Number=Plur 5 used nsubj:pass 2 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 used aux 3 never never ADV PronType=Neg 5 used advmod 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 used aux:pass 5 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 to to PART _ 7 teach mark 7 teach teach VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 used advcl 8 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 teach obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not use should · passive Stories vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 2 teach speech: other to-infinitive anything vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent anything=Recipient
Option 2 No, it's definitely true, Washington said so
discourse punct nsubj cop advmod punct nsubj conj advmod root No INTJ , PUNCT it PRON 's AUX definitely ADV true ADJ , PUNCT Washington PROPN said VERB so ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 No no INTJ Polarity=Neg 6 true discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 No punct 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 true nsubj 4 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 true cop 5 definitely definitely ADV _ 6 true advmod 6 true true ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 said punct 8 Washington Washington PROPN Number=Sing 9 said nsubj 9 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 true conj 10 so so ADV _ 9 said advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present it definitely, true property tree rules 2 say speech: assert past Washington vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Option 3 Yes, every made-up story is useless
discourse punct det amod punct compound:prt nsubj cop root Yes INTJ , PUNCT every DET made VERB - PUNCT up ADP story NOUN is AUX useless ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Yes yes INTJ Polarity=Pos 9 useless discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Yes punct 3 every every DET PronType=Tot 7 story det 4 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 story amod 5 - - PUNCT _ 6 up punct 6 up up ADP _ 4 made compound:prt 7 story story NOUN Number=Sing 9 useless nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 useless cop 9 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos root root
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make up participle vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 2 is present every made story useless property tree rules
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer A story can teach truth if we know it's a story; it's honest to say which is which
The tree, 20 words det nsubj aux obj mark nsubj advcl nsubj cop det ccomp punct expl cop conj mark csubj nsubj cop ccomp root A DET story NOUN can AUX teach VERB truth NOUN if SCONJ we PRON know VERB it PRON 's AUX a DET story NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON 's AUX honest ADJ to PART say VERB which PRON is AUX which PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 story det 2 story story NOUN Number=Sing 4 teach nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 teach aux 4 teach teach VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 truth truth NOUN Number=Sing 4 teach obj 6 if if SCONJ _ 8 know mark 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 know nsubj 8 know know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 teach advcl 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 story nsubj 10 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 story cop 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 story det 12 story story NOUN Number=Sing 8 know ccomp 13 ; ; PUNCT _ 16 honest punct 14 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 honest expl 15 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 honest cop 16 honest honest ADJ Degree=Pos 4 teach conj 17 to to PART _ 18 say mark 18 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 honest csubj 19 which which PRON PronType=Rel 21 which nsubj 20 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 which cop 21 which which PRON PronType=Rel 18 say ccomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 teach speech: other can a story truth vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient 2 know a condition, not said to happen present we vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 is a present story a story tree rules 4 is present a story not said here honest property tree rules 5 say speech: assert to-infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 6 is a present tree rules
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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