Exam question 2 · Saying sorry and making amends: Zacchaeus pays back

Identify the principal deficiency of an apology compelled by a teacher and uttered without sincerity.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, compel, utter · To what, where: principal deficiency, apology

This is exam question 2 of lesson 90 «Saying sorry and making amends: Zacchaeus pays back» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 deficiency	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 deficiency	amod
4	deficiency	deficiency	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 apology	case
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 apology	det
7	apology	apology	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 deficiency	nmod
8	compelled	compel	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 apology	acl
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 teacher	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 teacher	det
11	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 compelled	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 uttered	cc
13	uttered	utter	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	conj
14	without	without	ADP	_	15 sincerity	case
15	sincerity	sincerity	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 uttered	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal deficiency of a apology		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent deficiency=Theme
2	compel	participle		a apology not said here	by a teacher	vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	utter speech: other	past	you not said here		without sincerity	vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is too lengthy to be understood by the injured party

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 lengthy	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 lengthy	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 lengthy	advmod
4	lengthy	lengthy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	7 understood	mark
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 understood	aux:pass
7	understood	understand	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 lengthy	advcl
8	by	by	ADP	_	11 party	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 party	det
10	injured	injure	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 party	amod
11	party	party	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 understood	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	It	lengthy property	tree rules
2	understand	to-infinitive · passive	the injured party		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	injure	participle			tree rules

Option 2

It is addressed to an inappropriate person

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 addressed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 addressed	aux:pass
3	addressed	address	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 person	case
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 person	det
6	inappropriate	inappropriate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 person	amod
7	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 addressed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	address	present · passive		It				to a inappropriate person	vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination

Option 3

It contains excessive detail concerning the offence

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 contains	nsubj
2	contains	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	excessive	excessive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 detail	amod
4	detail	detail	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 contains	obj
5	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 detail	acl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 offence	det
7	offence	offence	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 concerning	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	contain	present	It	excessive detail					vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot detail=Theme
2	concern	gerund	excessive detail not said here	the offence					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus offence=Experiencer

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It lacks the inward sorrow and the intention to make amends which a genuine apology requires

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 lacks	nsubj
2	lacks	lack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sorrow	det
4	inward	inward	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sorrow	amod
5	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lacks	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 intention	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 intention	det
8	intention	intention	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sorrow	conj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 make	mark
10	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 lacks	advcl
11	amends	amend	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 make	obj
12	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 requires	obj
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 apology	det
14	genuine	genuine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 apology	amod
15	apology	apology	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 requires	nsubj
16	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 amends	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	lack	present	It	the inward sorrow and the intention	tree rules
2	make	to-infinitive		amends	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset amend=Product
3	require	present	a genuine apology	amends	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme which=Precondition

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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