Exam question 1 · Saying sorry and making amends: Zacchaeus pays back

Which of the following most accurately characterises the restitution made by Zacchaeus as recorded in Luke 19:1-10?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, make, record · To what, where: restitution

This is exam question 1 of lesson 90 «Saying sorry and making amends: Zacchaeus pays back» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 following	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 following	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 accurately	advmod
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	7 characterises	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 following	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 restitution	det
9	restitution	restitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 characterises	obj
10	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 restitution	acl
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 Zacchaeus	case
12	Zacchaeus	Zacchaeus	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 made	obl
13	as	as	SCONJ	_	14 recorded	mark
14	recorded	record	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 made	conj
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 Luke	case
16	Luke	Luke	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 recorded	obl:agent
17	19:1-10	19:1-10	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	16 Luke	flat
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 following	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the restitution	accurately property	tree rules
3	make	participle	the restitution not said here	by Zacchaeus	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
4	record	participle			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The refusal to restore anything, his sins having been forgiven

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 refusal	det
2	refusal	refusal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 restore	mark
4	restore	restore	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 refusal	acl
5	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 restore	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 sins	punct
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 sins	nmod:poss
8	sins	sin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 refusal	conj
9	having	have	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 refusal	acl
10	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	11 forgiven	aux:pass
11	forgiven	forgive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 having	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	restore	to-infinitive		anything	vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent anything=Theme
2	have	gerund	the refusal and his sins not said here		tree rules
3	forgive	participle · passive	the refusal and his sins not said here		vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The restoration of fourfold the amount to any person defrauded, together with the gift of half his possessions to the poor

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 restoration	det
2	restoration	restoration	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 defrauded	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 fourfold	case
4	fourfold	fourfold	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 restoration	nmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 amount	det
6	amount	amount	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 defrauded	nsubj
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 person	case
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 person	det
9	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 amount	nmod
10	defrauded	defraud	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 together	punct
12	together	together	ADV	_	10 defrauded	advmod
13	with	with	ADP	_	15 gift	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 gift	det
15	gift	gift	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 defrauded	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	19 possessions	case
17	half	half	DET	NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind	19 possessions	det:predet
18	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 possessions	nmod:poss
19	possessions	possession	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 gift	nmod
20	to	to	ADP	_	22 poor	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 poor	det
22	poor	poor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 defrauded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	defraud	past	the restoration of fourfold		with the gift of amount's possessions; to the poor; together property	vn cheat-10.6.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	gift			amount's possessions		nom gift «possession transitive»: of=patient
3	possess		amount			nom possession «act transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

The restoration of the precise amount defrauded and no more

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 restoration	det
2	restoration	restoration	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 defrauded	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 amount	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 amount	det
5	precise	precise	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 amount	amod
6	amount	amount	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 restoration	nmod
7	defrauded	defraud	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 more	cc
9	no	no	ADV	_	10 more	advmod
10	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 defrauded	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	defraud	past	the restoration of the precise amount						vn cheat-10.6.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

The payment of a fine to the Roman authorities

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 payment	det
2	payment	payment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 fine	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 fine	det
5	fine	fine	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 payment	nmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	9 authorities	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 authorities	det
8	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 authorities	amod
9	authorities	authority	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 payment	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pay			a fine				to the Roman authorities	nom payment «possession transitive»: of=patient to=obl

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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