Test 7 · Jupiter's moons

Sam reckons Callisto must be young cos it's covered in craters. what's wrong with that?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Sam, Callisto · What happens: reckon, be, cover · To what, where: it

This is test 7 of lesson 11 «Jupiter's moons» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 reckons	nsubj
2	reckons	reckon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Callisto	Callisto	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 young	nsubj
4	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 young	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 young	cop
6	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 reckons	ccomp
7	cos	cos	SCONJ	_	10 covered	mark
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 covered	nsubj:pass
9	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 covered	aux:pass
10	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 young	advcl
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 craters	case
12	craters	crater	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 covered	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 reckons	punct
14	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	16 wrong	nsubj
15	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 wrong	cop
16	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 reckons	parataxis
17	with	with	ADP	_	18 that	case
18	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	16 wrong	obl
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 reckons	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	reckon	present	Sam			vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
2	is	must	Callisto		young property	tree rules
3	cover	present · passive		it	in craters	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in crater=Theme
4	is	present			with that; wrong property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Many craters mean an old surface that has hardly changed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 craters	amod
2	craters	crater	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 mean	nsubj
3	mean	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 surface	det
5	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 surface	amod
6	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 mean	obj
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 changed	nsubj
8	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 changed	aux
9	hardly	hardly	ADV	_	10 changed	advmod
10	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 surface	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Many craters	a old surface					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent surface=Topic
2	change	present · perfect	a old surface					hardly property	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Craters only form on young moons

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Craters	crater	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 form	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 form	advmod
3	form	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 moons	case
5	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 moons	amod
6	moons	moon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 form	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	present	Craters			young moons			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on moon=Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Craters are made by Callisto's volcanoes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Craters	crater	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 made	aux:pass
3	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	7 volcanoes	case
5	Callisto	Callisto	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 volcanoes	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 Callisto	case
7	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive	Callisto's volcanoes	Craters					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product

Option 4

Callisto has no craters at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Callisto	Callisto	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 craters	det
4	craters	crater	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 craters	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Callisto	no craters		all			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crater=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/11-jupiters-moons/t7/