Test 11 · ★★ · Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets

Why does a comet grow a glowing head only near the Sun?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: comet · What happens: grow, glow · To what, where: glowing head, Sun

This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 15 «Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 grow	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 grow	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 comet	det
4	comet	comet	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 grow	nsubj
5	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 head	det
7	glowing	glow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 head	amod
8	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 grow	obj
9	only	only	ADV	_	12 Sun	advmod
10	near	near	ADP	_	12 Sun	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Sun	det
12	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 grow	obl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 grow	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present · do-support	a comet	a glowing head		the Sun			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location head=Theme
2	glow	gerund							vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It only exists near the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 exists	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 exists	advmod
3	exists	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	near	near	ADP	_	6 Sun	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Sun	det
6	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 exists	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	present	It			the Sun			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near sun=Location

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The Sun's heat turns its ice into gas and frees dust

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sun	det
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 heat	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 Sun	case
4	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 turns	nsubj
5	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 ice	nmod:poss
7	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 turns	obj
8	into	into	ADP	_	9 gas	case
9	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 turns	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 frees	cc
11	frees	free	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 turns	conj
12	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 frees	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	turn	present	the Sun's heat	heat's ice	gas	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent ice=Theme into gas=Trajectory
2	free	present	the Sun's heat not said here	dust		vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer dust=Source
3	heat		the Sun			nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

The Sun paints it with light

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sun	det
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 paints	nsubj
3	paints	paint	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 paints	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 light	case
6	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 paints	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	paint	present	the Sun	it				with light	vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Destination with light=Theme

Option 4

The Sun's heat lights a fire on its surface, like a match

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sun	det
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 heat	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 Sun	case
4	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lights	nsubj
5	lights	light	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 fire	det
7	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lights	obj
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 surface	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 surface	nmod:poss
10	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lights	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 match	punct
12	like	like	ADP	_	14 match	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 match	det
14	match	match	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lights	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	light	present	the Sun's heat	a fire		heat's surface		like a match	vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Product
2	heat		the Sun						nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets/t11/