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Test 3 · ★★ · Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets

In a cartoon a comet is drawn as a ball of fire burning through space. What is wrong?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: fire · What happens: draw, burn, be · To what, where: comet, cartoon, space

This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 15 «Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a comet is drawn as a ball of fire burning through space.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 drawn	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 comet	det
5	comet	comet	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 drawn	nsubj:pass
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 drawn	aux:pass
7	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	as	as	ADP	_	10 ball	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 ball	det
10	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 drawn	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 fire	case
12	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 ball	nmod
13	burning	burn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 fire	acl
14	through	through	ADP	_	15 space	case
15	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 burning	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 drawn	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	draw	present · passive		a comet		a cartoon		as a ball of fire	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in cartoon=Destination
2	burn	gerund	fire not said here			space			vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through space=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Comets are made of burning coal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Comets	comet	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 made	aux:pass
3	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 burning	mark
5	burning	burn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 made	advcl
6	coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 burning	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Comets					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	burn	gerund		coal					vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent coal=Theme

Option 2

Comets are tiny stars that explode

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Comets	comet	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 stars	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 stars	cop
3	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 stars	amod
4	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 explode	nsubj
6	explode	explode	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 stars	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Comets	tiny stars					tree rules
2	explode	present	tiny stars						vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A comet is icy and its head glows only when the Sun warms it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 comet	det
2	comet	comet	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 icy	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 icy	cop
4	icy	icy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 glows	cc
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 head	nmod:poss
7	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 glows	nsubj
8	glows	glow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 icy	conj
9	only	only	ADV	_	13 warms	advmod
10	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	13 warms	advmod
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Sun	det
12	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 warms	nsubj
13	warms	warm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 glows	advcl
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 warms	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a comet					icy property	tree rules
2	glow	present	comet's head						vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	warm	present	the Sun	head					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 4

Nothing, comets are made of fire

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 comets	compound
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	comets	comet	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 made	nsubj:pass
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 made	aux:pass
5	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 fire	case
7	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Nothing comets				of fire	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets/t3/