Test 8 · ★ · Stars: what they are

Which is true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: be

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 17 «Stars: what they are» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Stars never orbit anything

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 orbit	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 orbit	advmod
3	orbit	orbit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	3 orbit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not orbit	present	Stars	anything					tree rules

Option 2

Only the Sun has a partner star, which is too dim for us to see

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	4 has	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Sun	det
3	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 has	nsubj
4	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 star	det
6	partner	partner	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 star	compound
7	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 has	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 dim	punct
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 dim	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 dim	cop
11	too	too	ADV	_	12 dim	advmod
12	dim	dim	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 star	parataxis
13	for	for	SCONJ	_	16 see	mark
14	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 see	nsubj
15	to	to	PART	_	16 see	mark
16	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 dim	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	the Sun	a partner star		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent star=Patient
2	is	present	a partner star		dim property	tree rules
3	see	to-infinitive	us			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3

Every star is alone in space

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 star	det
2	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 alone	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 alone	cop
4	alone	alone	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 space	case
6	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 alone	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	every star			space		alone property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Many stars come in pairs or groups orbiting each other

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 stars	amod
2	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 come	nsubj
3	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 pairs	case
5	pairs	pair	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 come	obl
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 groups	cc
7	groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 pairs	conj
8	orbiting	orbit	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 pairs	acl
9	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	8 orbiting	obj
10	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 each	fixed

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Many stars			pairs or groups			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pair=Location
2	orbit	gerund	pairs or groups not said here	each					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/17-stars-what-they-are/t8/