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Test 7 · ★ · How the Solar System was born

Rolling a snowball makes it pick up more snow the bigger it gets. Which stage is like that?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Rolling, snowball, snow · What happens: roll, make, pick up, get, be · To what, where: snowball, more snow

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 2 «How the Solar System was born» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Rolling a snowball makes it pick up more snow the bigger it gets.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rolling	roll	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 makes	csubj
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 snowball	det
3	snowball	snowball	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Rolling	obj
4	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 makes	obj
6	pick	pick	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 makes	xcomp
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 pick	compound:prt
8	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 snow	amod
9	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pick	obj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 bigger	det
11	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 pick	advcl
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 gets	nsubj
13	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 bigger	advcl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 makes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll	gerund		a snowball					vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snowball=Theme
2	make	present	Rolling	snowball					tree rules
3	pick up	infinitive	snowball not said here	more snow					vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snow=Topic
4	get	present	snow						vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which stage is like that?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 stage	det
2	stage	stage	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 that	cop
4	like	like	ADP	_	5 that	case
5	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 stage	nmod
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 stage	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						like that	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The Sun switching on

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sun	det
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 switching	nsubj
3	switching	switch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	3 switching	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	switch on	gerund	the Sun						vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Pebbles and rocks sticking together into planetesimals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pebbles	pebble	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 rocks	cc
3	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Pebbles	conj
4	sticking	stick	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Pebbles	acl
5	together	together	ADV	_	4 sticking	advmod
6	into	into	ADP	_	7 planetesimals	case
7	planetesimals	planetesimal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sticking	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stick together	gerund	Pebbles and rocks not said here			planetesimals		together property	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into planetesimal=Destination

Option 3

Light leaving the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	leaving	leave	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Light	acl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Sun	det
4	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 leaving	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	gerund	Light not said here	the Sun					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Theme

Option 4

The planets moving their orbits slowly further out over time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 planets	det
2	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 planets	acl
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 orbits	nmod:poss
5	orbits	orbit	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 moving	obj
6	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	7 further	advmod
7	further	further	ADV	_	8 out	advmod
8	out	out	ADV	_	3 moving	advmod
9	over	over	ADP	_	10 time	case
10	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 moving	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	gerund	the planets not said here	planets's orbits			time	out property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent orbit=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/2-how-the-solar-system-was-born/t7/