Exam question 3 · The night sky in summer and autumn, and the southern sky

Ascertain the means by which observers in the southern hemisphere determine the direction of due south.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, the, observers · What happens: ascertain, mean, determine · To what, where: direction · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 3 of lesson 21 «The night sky in summer and autumn, and the southern sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 means	nsubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Ascertain	ccomp
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 determine	obl
6	observers	observer	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 determine	nsubj
7	in	in	ADP	_	10 hemisphere	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 hemisphere	det
9	southern	southern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 hemisphere	amod
10	hemisphere	hemisphere	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 observers	nmod
11	determine	determine	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 means	ccomp
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 direction	det
13	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 determine	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 south	case
15	due	due	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 south	amod
16	south	south	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 direction	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here		vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	mean	present	the		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	determine	infinitive	observers in the southern hemisphere	the direction of due south	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

A bright star situated precisely at the south celestial pole

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 star	det
2	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 star	amod
3	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	situated	situate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 star	acl
5	precisely	precisely	ADV	_	4 situated	advmod
6	at	at	ADP	_	10 pole	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 pole	det
8	south	South	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 pole	amod
9	celestial	celestial	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 pole	compound
10	pole	pole	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 situated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	situate	participle		a bright star not said here		the south celestial pole		precisely property	vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent at pole=Destination

Option 2

The Summer Triangle and the planet Venus

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Triangle	det
2	Summer	Summer	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Triangle	compound
3	Triangle	Triangle	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 Venus	cc
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Venus	det
6	planet	planet	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 Venus	compound
7	Venus	Venus	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Triangle	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

The Plough and the star Polaris

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Plough	det
2	Plough	Plough	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 star	cc
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 star	det
5	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Plough	conj
6	Polaris	Polaris	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Plough	flat

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The long arm of the Southern Cross and the two Pointers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 arm	det
2	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 arm	amod
3	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 Cross	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Cross	det
6	Southern	Southern	PROPN	_	7 Cross	flat
7	Cross	Cross	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 arm	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 Pointers	cc
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Pointers	det
10	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 Pointers	nummod
11	Pointers	pointer	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 Cross	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/21-the-night-sky-in-summer-and-autumn-and-the-southern-sky/e3/