Exam question 4 · The night sky in summer and autumn, and the southern sky

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the Andromeda Galaxy.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern · To what, where: response, Andromeda Galaxy

This is exam question 4 of lesson 21 «The night sky in summer and autumn, and the southern sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Galaxy	det
13	Andromeda	Andromeda	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Galaxy	compound
14	Galaxy	Galaxy	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the Andromeda Galaxy		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus galaxy=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is about 2.5 light years distant and visible only by telescope

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 distant	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 distant	cop
3	about	about	ADV	_	4 2.5	advmod
4	2.5	2.5	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 years	nummod
5	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 years	compound
6	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 distant	obl:unmarked
7	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 visible	cc
9	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 distant	conj
10	only	only	ADV	_	12 telescope	advmod
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 telescope	case
12	telescope	telescope	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 distant	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It				year	by telescope; distant property	tree rules
2	be								tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It is about 2.5 million light years distant and visible to the naked eye

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 distant	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 distant	cop
3	about	about	ADV	_	5 million	advmod
4	2.5	2.5	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 million	compound
5	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 years	nummod
6	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 years	compound
7	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 distant	obl:unmarked
8	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 visible	cc
10	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 distant	conj
11	to	to	ADP	_	14 eye	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 eye	det
13	naked	naked	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 eye	amod
14	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 visible	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It				year	distant property	tree rules
2	be							to the naked eye	tree rules

Option 3

It is a cloud of gas situated within the Milky Way, near the constellation Lyra

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 cloud	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cloud	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 cloud	det
4	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 gas	case
6	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cloud	nmod
7	situated	situate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 cloud	acl
8	within	within	ADP	_	11 Way	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Way	det
10	Milky	milky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 Way	amod
11	Way	Way	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 situated	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 constellation	punct
13	near	near	ADP	_	15 constellation	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 constellation	det
15	constellation	constellation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cloud	conj
16	Lyra	Lyra	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 constellation	appos

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a cloud and the constellation				of gas	tree rules
2	situate	participle		a cloud and the constellation not said here				within the Milky Way	vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It is a star cluster within the solar system

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 cluster	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cluster	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 cluster	det
4	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cluster	compound
5	cluster	cluster	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	within	within	ADP	_	9 system	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 system	det
8	solar	solar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 system	amod
9	system	system	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cluster	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a star cluster				within the solar system	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/21-the-night-sky-in-summer-and-autumn-and-the-southern-sky/e4/