Exam question 4 · Distances and light years

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the observation of a distant star.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern, observe · To what, where: response, observation, distant star

This is exam question 4 of lesson 22 «Distances and light years» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 observation	det
13	observation	observation	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	17 star	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 star	det
16	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 star	amod
17	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 observation	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the observation of a distant star		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus observation=Experiencer
5	observe			a distant star		nom observation «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

The light observed departed from the star long ago

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 light	det
2	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 departed	nsubj:pass
3	observed	observe	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 departed	aux:pass
4	departed	depart	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 star	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 star	det
7	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 departed	obl
8	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	9 ago	advmod
9	ago	ago	ADV	_	4 departed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	depart	past · passive		the light		the star		ago property	vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Initial_Location

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The star is invariably observed as it will be in future

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 star	det
2	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 observed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 observed	aux:pass
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	5 observed	advmod
5	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	as	as	SCONJ	_	11 future	mark
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 future	nsubj
8	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 future	aux
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 future	cop
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 future	case
11	future	future	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 observed	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	observe	present · passive		the star				invariably property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic
2	is	future	star			future			tree rules

Option 3

The light observed departs from the star at that instant

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 light	det
2	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 departs	nsubj
3	observed	observe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 light	acl
4	departs	depart	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 star	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 star	det
7	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 departs	obl
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 instant	case
9	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	10 instant	det
10	instant	instant	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 departs	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	observe	past	the light not said here						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	depart	present	the light			the star		at that instant	vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from star=Initial_Location

Option 4

The light of stars requires no time to travel

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 light	det
2	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 requires	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 stars	case
4	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 light	nmod
5	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 time	det
7	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 requires	obj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 travel	mark
9	travel	travel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 time	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	require	present	the light of stars		time	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Theme
2	travel	to-infinitive	the light of stars not said here			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	light			stars		nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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