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Test 8 · ★ · Distances and light years

Deneb looks about as bright as Vega. What does that tell us?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Deneb, that · What happens: look, tell · To what, where: us · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 22 «Distances and light years» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Deneb looks about as bright as Vega.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Deneb	Deneb	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 looks	nsubj
2	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	about	about	ADV	_	5 bright	advmod
4	as	as	ADV	_	5 bright	advmod
5	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 looks	xcomp
6	as	as	ADP	_	7 Vega	case
7	Vega	Vega	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 bright	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 looks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	present	Deneb					bright property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does that tell us?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 tell	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 tell	aux
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 tell	nsubj
4	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 tell	iobj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present · do-support	that		us				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Deneb must give out far more light, as it is much farther away

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Deneb	Deneb	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 give	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 give	aux
3	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	out	out	ADP	_	3 give	compound:prt
5	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 more	advmod
6	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 light	amod
7	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 give	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 farther	punct
9	as	as	SCONJ	_	13 farther	mark
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 farther	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 farther	cop
12	much	much	ADV	_	13 farther	advmod
13	farther	far	ADV	Degree=Cmp	14 away	advmod
14	away	away	ADV	_	3 give	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give out	must	Deneb	more light				away property	vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent light=Theme
2	is	present	light					far property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Deneb and Vega must be exactly the same distance away from the Earth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Deneb	Deneb	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 distance	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 Vega	cc
3	Vega	Vega	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Deneb	conj
4	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 distance	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 distance	cop
6	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	9 distance	advmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 distance	det
8	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 distance	amod
9	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	away	away	ADV	_	9 distance	advmod
11	from	from	ADP	_	13 Earth	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Earth	det
13	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 distance	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	must	Deneb and Vega	the same distance		the Earth		away, exactly property	tree rules

Option 3

Deneb is a planet, not a star

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Deneb	Deneb	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 planet	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 planet	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 planet	det
4	planet	planet	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 star	punct
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 star	advmod
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 star	det
8	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 planet	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Deneb	a planet and a star					tree rules

Option 4

Deneb is nearer but smaller

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Deneb	Deneb	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 nearer	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 nearer	cop
3	nearer	near	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	but	but	CCONJ	_	5 smaller	cc
5	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 nearer	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Deneb					near property	tree rules
2	be		Deneb not said here						tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/22-distances-and-light-years/t8/