Test 7 · ★ · Galaxies and the Big Bang

Why does a very distant galaxy show us the young universe?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: distant galaxy · What happens: show · To what, where: young universe, us

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 24 «Galaxies and the Big Bang» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 show	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 show	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 galaxy	det
4	very	very	ADV	_	5 distant	advmod
5	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 galaxy	amod
6	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 show	nsubj
7	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 show	iobj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 universe	det
10	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 universe	amod
11	universe	universe	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 show	obj
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present · do-support	a distant galaxy	the young universe	us				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient universe=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Old galaxies glow younger colours

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 galaxies	amod
2	galaxies	galaxy	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 glow	nsubj
3	glow	glow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	younger	young	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 colours	amod
5	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 glow	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	glow	present	Old galaxies	younger colours					vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent colour=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Telescopes can see into the future as well as the past

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Telescopes	telescope	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 see	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 see	aux
3	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 future	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 future	det
6	future	future	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 see	obl
7	as	as	ADV	ExtPos=ADV	3 see	advmod
8	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 as	fixed
9	as	as	ADP	_	11 past	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 past	det
11	past	past	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 see	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	can	Telescopes			the future		as the past	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as past=Attribute

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Its light has travelled for billions of years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 light	nmod:poss
2	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 travelled	nsubj
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 travelled	aux
4	travelled	travell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 billions	case
6	billions	billion	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 travelled	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 years	case
8	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 billions	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	travell	present · perfect	Its light					for billions of years	tree rules
2	light		Its = it						nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

Distant galaxies are made of baby stars only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 galaxies	amod
2	galaxies	galaxy	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux:pass
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 stars	case
6	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 stars	compound
7	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	obl
8	only	only	ADV	_	7 stars	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Distant galaxies				of baby stars	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/t7/