Exam question 1 · Black holes

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the event horizon of a black hole?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: event horizon

This is exam question 1 of lesson 25 «Black holes» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 horizon	det
10	event	event	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 horizon	compound
11	horizon	horizon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 hole	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 hole	det
14	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 hole	amod
15	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 horizon	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the event horizon of a black hole				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is the point at which light escapes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 point	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 point	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 point	det
4	point	point	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 escapes	obl
7	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 escapes	nsubj
8	escapes	escape	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 point	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the point					tree rules
2	escape	present	light			the point			vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

It is the bright, hard surface of the black hole itself

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 surface	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 surface	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 surface	det
4	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 surface	amod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 bright	punct
6	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 surface	amod
7	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 hole	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 hole	det
10	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 hole	amod
11	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 surface	nmod
12	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes	11 hole	nmod:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the bright hard surface				of the black hole hole	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is the boundary beyond which nothing can return

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 boundary	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 boundary	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 boundary	det
4	boundary	boundary	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	beyond	beyond	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 return	obl
7	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	9 return	nsubj
8	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 return	aux
9	return	return	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 boundary	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the boundary					tree rules
2	return	can	nothing					beyond the boundary	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

It is the orbit of the nearest star

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 orbit	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 orbit	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 orbit	det
4	orbit	orbit	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 star	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 star	det
7	nearest	near	ADJ	Degree=Sup	8 star	amod
8	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 orbit	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the orbit				of the nearest star	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/25-black-holes/e1/