Exam question 4 · Black holes

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the means by which black holes are detected.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response, established facts, the · What happens: select, be, establish, concern, mean, detect · To what, where: response, black holes · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 4 of lesson 25 «Black holes» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 means	nsubj
13	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 concerning	ccomp
14	by	by	ADP	_	15 which	case
15	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	17 holes	det
16	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 holes	amod
17	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 detected	nsubj:pass
18	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 detected	aux:pass
19	detected	detect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 means	ccomp
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here			tree rules
5	mean	present	the			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
6	detect	present · passive		which black holes		vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

By the sound they emit into space

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 sound	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 sound	det
3	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 emit	obl
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 emit	nsubj
5	emit	emit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	into	into	ADP	_	7 space	case
7	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 emit	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emit	present	they			space		by the sound	vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source

Option 2

By direct observation of their black surface

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 observation	case
2	direct	direct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 observation	amod
3	observation	observation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 surface	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 surface	nmod:poss
6	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 surface	amod
7	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 observation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	observe			their black surface					nom observation «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

By their effects on nearby stars and gas

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 effects	case
2	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 effects	nmod:poss
3	effects	effect	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 stars	case
5	nearby	nearby	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 stars	amod
6	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 effects	nmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 gas	cc
8	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 stars	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	effect		their = they			nearby stars and gas			nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent on=place

Option 4

By the light they reflect from the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 light	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 light	det
3	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 reflect	obl
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 reflect	nsubj
5	reflect	reflect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 Sun	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Sun	det
8	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 reflect	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reflect	present	they			the Sun		by the light	vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/25-black-holes/e4/