Exam question 3 · Black holes
Identify the phenomenon first detected by the LIGO instruments in 2015.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, detect · To what, where: phenomenon
This is exam question 3 of lesson 25 «Black holes» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 phenomenon | det |
| 3 | phenomenon | phenomenon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 4 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 5 detected | advmod |
| 5 | detected | detect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 phenomenon | acl |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 instruments | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 instruments | det |
| 8 | LIGO | LIGO | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 instruments | compound |
| 9 | instruments | instrument | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 detected | obl |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 2015 | case |
| 11 | 2015 | 2015 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 instruments | nmod |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the phenomenon | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent phenomenon=Theme | ||||
| 2 | detect | participle | the phenomenon not said here | by the LIGO instruments in 2015; first property | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The first image of a black hole's shadow
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 image | det |
| 2 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 image | amod |
| 3 | image | image | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 shadow | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 hole | det |
| 6 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 hole | amod |
| 7 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 shadow | nmod:poss |
| 8 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 7 hole | case |
| 9 | shadow | shadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 image | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | image | a black hole's shadow | nom image «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 2 | shadow | a black hole | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |
Option 2
Light emitted from inside a black hole
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | emitted | emit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Light | acl |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 hole | case |
| 4 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 7 hole | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 hole | det |
| 6 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 hole | amod |
| 7 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 emitted | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | emit | participle | Light not said here | a black hole | vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source |
Option 3
Radio signals from intelligent life
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Radio | Radio | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 signals | compound |
| 2 | signals | signal | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 life | case |
| 4 | intelligent | intelligent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 life | amod |
| 5 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 signals | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
Gravitational waves from merging black holes
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gravitational | gravitational | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 waves | amod |
| 2 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 4 merging | mark |
| 4 | merging | merge | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 waves | acl |
| 5 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 holes | amod |
| 6 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 merging | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | merge | gerund | Gravitational waves not said here | black holes | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/25-black-holes/e3/