Exam question 4 · How we know: measuring the sky

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the composition of stars as shown by Cecilia Payne in 1925.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern, show · To what, where: response, composition, 1925

This is exam question 4 of lesson 28 «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 composition	det
13	composition	composition	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 stars	case
15	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 composition	nmod
16	as	as	SCONJ	_	17 shown	mark
17	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 composition	acl
18	by	by	ADP	_	20 Payne	case
19	Cecilia	Cecilia	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 Payne	compound
20	Payne	Payne	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 shown	obl
21	in	in	ADP	_	22 1925	case
22	1925	1925	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	17 shown	obl
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response			with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the composition of stars			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus composition=Experiencer
5	show	participle		the composition of stars not said here	1925	by Cecilia Payne	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Stars consist mostly of hydrogen and helium

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consist	nsubj
2	consist	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	5 hydrogen	advmod
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 hydrogen	case
5	hydrogen	hydrogen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consist	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 helium	cc
7	helium	helium	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hydrogen	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	present	Stars	hydrogen and helium					tree rules

Option 2

Stars consist mostly of iron and nickel

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consist	nsubj
2	consist	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	5 iron	advmod
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 iron	case
5	iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consist	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 nickel	cc
7	nickel	nickel	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 iron	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	present	Stars	iron and nickel					tree rules

Option 3

Stars have the same composition as the Earth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 composition	det
4	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 composition	amod
5	composition	composition	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 have	obj
6	as	as	ADP	_	8 Earth	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Earth	det
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 composition	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Stars	the same composition				as the Earth	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent composition=Patient

Option 4

Stars consist mostly of carbon and oxygen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consist	nsubj
2	consist	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	5 carbon	advmod
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 carbon	case
5	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consist	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 oxygen	cc
7	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 carbon	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	present	Stars	carbon and oxygen					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/e4/