Test 1 · ★★★ · Olympiad: planet puzzles ★★★
★★★ Ruby from Cardiff, tamping: "Mercury's closest to the Sun so it's deffo the hottest, end of." What is the truth?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Sun, truth · What happens: tamp, be
This is test 1 · ★★★ of lesson 31 «Olympiad: planet puzzles ★★★» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: ★★★ Ruby from Cardiff, tamping: "Mercury's closest to the Sun so it's deffo the hottest, end of."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ★ | ★ | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | ★ | ★ | X | Foreign=Yes | 1 ★ | dep |
| 3 | ★ | ★ | PUNCT | _ | 4 Ruby | punct |
| 4 | Ruby | Ruby | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 ★ | appos |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 Cardiff | case |
| 6 | Cardiff | Cardiff | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Ruby | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 tamping | punct |
| 8 | tamping | tamp | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 Ruby | conj |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 closest | punct |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 closest | punct |
| 11 | Mercury | Mercury | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 closest | nmod:poss |
| 12 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 11 Mercury | case |
| 13 | closest | close | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 8 tamping | parataxis |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 Sun | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Sun | det |
| 16 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 closest | obl |
| 17 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 hottest | advmod |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 hottest | nsubj |
| 19 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 hottest | cop |
| 20 | deffo | deffo | ADP | _ | 22 hottest | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 hottest | det |
| 22 | hottest | hot | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 13 closest | parataxis |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 end | punct |
| 24 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 ★ | appos |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 end | case |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 ★ | punct |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 1 ★ | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tamp | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | Sun | hot property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is the truth?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 What | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 truth | det |
| 4 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 What | nsubj |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the truth | tree rules |
The options
Option 1
The Earth is hotter, it has the most air
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Earth | det |
| 2 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 hotter | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 hotter | cop |
| 4 | hotter | hot | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 has | punct |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 has | nsubj |
| 7 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 hotter | conj |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 air | det |
| 9 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 10 air | advmod |
| 10 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 has | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the Earth | hot property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | have | present | Earth | the air | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Patient |
Option 2
Mars is hotter, which is why it looks red
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mars | Mars | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 hotter | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 hotter | cop |
| 3 | hotter | hot | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 why | punct |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 why | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 why | cop |
| 7 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 hotter | conj |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 looks | nsubj |
| 9 | looks | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 why | ccomp |
| 10 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 looks | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Mars | hot property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | present | why property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | look | present | it | red property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Venus is hotter: its thick air traps the heat
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Venus | Venus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 hotter | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 hotter | cop |
| 3 | hotter | hot | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 traps | punct |
| 5 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 air | nmod:poss |
| 6 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 air | amod |
| 7 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 traps | nsubj |
| 8 | traps | trap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 hotter | advcl |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 heat | det |
| 10 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 traps | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Venus | hot property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | trap | present | its thick air | the heat | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Patient |
Option 4
She is right: the closest is always hottest
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 right | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 right | cop |
| 3 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 closest | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 closest | det |
| 6 | closest | close | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 right | parataxis |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 hottest | cop |
| 8 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 9 hottest | advmod |
| 9 | hottest | hot | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 right | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | She | right property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | present | always, hot property | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/31-olympiad-planet-puzzles/t1/