Test 6 · Trains and the Underground

Ben says trains need long brakes because the wheels are made of rubber that slides. What is right?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Ben, trains, rubber · What happens: say, need, make, slide, be · To what, where: long brakes, wheels · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 of lesson 21 «Trains and the Underground» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ben says trains need long brakes because the wheels are made of rubber that slides.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	trains	train	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 need	nsubj
4	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
5	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 brakes	amod
6	brakes	brake	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 need	obj
7	because	because	SCONJ	_	11 made	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 wheels	det
9	wheels	wheel	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 made	nsubj:pass
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 made	aux:pass
11	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 need	advcl
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 rubber	case
13	rubber	rubber	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 made	obl
14	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 slides	nsubj
15	slides	slide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 rubber	acl:relcl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Ben			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	need	present	trains	long brakes		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot brake=Theme
3	make	present · passive		the wheels	of rubber	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
4	slide	present	rubber			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Yes, rubber wheels slide on wet rails

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 slide	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 slide	punct
3	rubber	rubber	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wheels	compound
4	wheels	wheel	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 slide	nsubj
5	slide	slide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 rails	case
7	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 rails	amod
8	rails	rail	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 slide	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slide	present	rubber wheels			wet rails			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on rail=Trajectory

Option 2

Yes, and that is why trains slow down in rain only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	8 slow	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 why	cc
4	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 why	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 why	cop
6	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	8 slow	advmod
7	trains	train	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 slow	nsubj
8	slow	slow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	down	down	ADP	_	8 slow	compound:prt
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 rain	case
11	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 slow	obl
12	only	only	ADV	_	8 slow	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	that					why property	tree rules
2	slow down	present	trains			rain			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

No, trains could stop fast, but drivers like to brake slowly so nobody spills their drinks

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 stop	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	trains	train	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 stop	nsubj
4	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 stop	aux
5	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 stop	advmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 like	punct
8	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 like	cc
9	drivers	driver	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 like	nsubj
10	like	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 stop	parataxis
11	to	to	PART	_	12 brake	mark
12	brake	break	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 like	xcomp
13	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	12 brake	advmod
14	so	so	SCONJ	_	16 spills	mark
15	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	16 spills	nsubj
16	spills	spill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 stop	advcl
17	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 drinks	nmod:poss
18	drinks	drink	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 spills	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	stop	could	trains		fast property	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	like	present	drivers			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	break not said to happen	to-infinitive	drivers not said here		slowly property	vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
4	spill	present	nobody	drivers's drinks		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location drink=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, the wheels are steel and roll so easily on steel rails that stopping takes long

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 steel	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 wheels	det
4	wheels	wheel	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 steel	nsubj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 steel	cop
6	steel	steel	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 roll	cc
8	roll	roll	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 steel	conj
9	so	so	ADV	_	10 easily	advmod
10	easily	easily	ADV	_	6 steel	advmod
11	on	on	ADP	_	13 rails	case
12	steel	steel	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 rails	compound
13	rails	rail	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 steel	conj
14	that	that	SCONJ	_	16 takes	mark
15	stopping	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 takes	nsubj
16	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 rails	advcl
17	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 takes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the wheels	steel and roll and steel rails	easily property	tree rules
2	stop	gerund				vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	take	present			long property	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/21-trains-and-the-underground/t6/