Exam question 2 · Why planes fly

Identify the principal reason for which flaps and slats are deployed prior to landing.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, deploy · To what, where: principal reason, flaps

This is exam question 2 of lesson 22 «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 deployed	obl
7	flaps	flap	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 deployed	nsubj:pass
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 slats	cc
9	slats	slat	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 flaps	conj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 deployed	aux:pass
11	deployed	deploy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
12	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	14 landing	case
13	to	to	ADP	_	12 prior	fixed
14	landing	landing	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 deployed	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	deploy	present · passive		flaps and slats				for the principal reason; prior landing	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They serve to collect precipitation and increase the mass of the aircraft

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 serve	nsubj
2	serve	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 collect	mark
4	collect	collect	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 serve	advcl
5	precipitation	precipitation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 collect	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 increase	cc
7	increase	increase	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 collect	conj
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 mass	det
9	mass	mass	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 increase	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 aircraft	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 aircraft	det
12	aircraft	aircraft	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 mass	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	serve	present	They		vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent
2	collect	to-infinitive	They not said here	precipitation	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent precipitation=Theme
3	increase	infinitive	They not said here	the mass of the aircraft	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer mass=Patient

Option 2

They are deployed solely in order to increase velocity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 deployed	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 deployed	aux:pass
3	deployed	deploy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 deployed	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 order	case
6	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 deployed	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 increase	mark
8	increase	increase	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 deployed	advcl
9	velocity	velocity	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 increase	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	deploy	present · passive		They		order		solely property	tree rules
2	increase	to-infinitive		velocity					vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer velocity=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They enlarge and curve the wing, permitting flight at a reduced speed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 enlarge	nsubj
2	enlarge	enlarge	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 curve	cc
4	curve	curve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 enlarge	conj
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 wing	det
6	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 curve	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 permitting	punct
8	permitting	permit	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 curve	advcl
9	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 permitting	obj
10	at	at	ADP	_	13 speed	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 speed	det
12	reduced	reduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 speed	amod
13	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 permitting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	enlarge	present	They			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	curve	present	They not said here	the wing		vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent wing=Material
3	permit	gerund	They not said here	flight	a reduced speed	vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent flight=Theme at speed=Location
4	reduce	participle				vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer

Option 4

They are intended to abrade the runway and arrest the aircraft

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 intended	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 intended	aux:pass
3	intended	intend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 abrade	mark
5	abrade	abrade	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 intended	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 runway	det
7	runway	runway	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 abrade	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 arrest	cc
9	arrest	arrest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 intended	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 aircraft	det
11	aircraft	aircraft	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 arrest	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	roles by
1	intend	present · passive	They	tree rules
2	abrade not said to happen	to-infinitive	the runway	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent runway=Patient
3	arrest	present	the aircraft	vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aircraft=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/22-why-planes-fly/e2/