Exam question 4 · Why planes fly
It is given that the cabin pressure has failed. Ascertain the reason for which an adult is instructed to fit his or her own mask before assisting a child.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: cabin pressure, you · What happens: give, fail, ascertain, instruct, fit, assist · To what, where: It, reason, adult, own mask, child
This is exam question 4 of lesson 22 «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that the cabin pressure has failed.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 failed | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 pressure | det |
| 6 | cabin | cabin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 pressure | compound |
| 7 | pressure | pressure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 failed | nsubj |
| 8 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 failed | aux |
| 9 | failed | fail | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 given | advcl |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | fail | present · perfect | the cabin pressure | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Ascertain the reason for which an adult is instructed to fit his or her own mask before assisting a child.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 reason | det |
| 3 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 which | case |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 instructed | obl |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 adult | det |
| 7 | adult | adult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 instructed | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 instructed | aux:pass |
| 9 | instructed | instruct | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 reason | acl:relcl |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 fit | mark |
| 11 | fit | fit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 instructed | xcomp |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 mask | nmod:poss |
| 13 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 mask | cc |
| 14 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 mask | nmod:poss |
| 15 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 mask | amod |
| 16 | mask | mask | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 fit | obj |
| 17 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 18 assisting | mark |
| 18 | assisting | assist | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 fit | advcl |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 child | det |
| 20 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 assisting | obj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | the reason | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic | ||||
| 2 | instruct speech: other | present · passive | a adult | for the reason | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | fit | to-infinitive | adult's own mask | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mask=Patient | |||||
| 4 | assist | gerund | a child | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Beneficiary |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The adult thereby remains conscious and capable of rendering assistance
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 adult | det |
| 2 | adult | adult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 remains | nsubj |
| 3 | thereby | thereby | ADV | _ | 4 remains | advmod |
| 4 | remains | remain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | conscious | conscious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 remains | xcomp |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 capable | cc |
| 7 | capable | capable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 conscious | conj |
| 8 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 9 rendering | mark |
| 9 | rendering | render | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 capable | advcl |
| 10 | assistance | assistance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 rendering | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | remain | present | the adult | conscious, thereby property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | render | gerund | the adult not said here | assistance | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent assistance=Theme |
Option 2
Children are not affected by a reduction in pressure
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 affected | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 affected | aux:pass |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 affected | advmod |
| 4 | affected | affect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 reduction | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 reduction | det |
| 7 | reduction | reduction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 affected | obl |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 pressure | case |
| 9 | pressure | pressure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 reduction | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not affect | present · passive | a reduction in pressure | Children | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |
Option 3
Adult passengers are accorded priority under all regulations
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Adult | adult | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 passengers | amod |
| 2 | passengers | passenger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 accorded | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 accorded | aux:pass |
| 4 | accorded | accord | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | priority | priority | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 accorded | obj |
| 6 | under | under | ADP | _ | 8 regulations | case |
| 7 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 regulations | det |
| 8 | regulations | regulation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 accorded | obl:agent |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | accord | present · passive | all regulations | Adult passengers | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent subject=Goal priority=Theme |
Option 4
The child's mask is released at a subsequent stage
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 child | det |
| 2 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 mask | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 child | case |
| 4 | mask | mask | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 released | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 released | aux:pass |
| 6 | released | release | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 stage | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 stage | det |
| 9 | subsequent | subsequent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 stage | amod |
| 10 | stage | stage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 released | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | release | present · passive | the child's mask | a subsequent stage | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Source |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/22-why-planes-fly/e4/