Test 2 · ★ · Why planes fly
«bloody turbulence again, we're gonna fall out the sky» What is right?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: we · What happens: fall out, be · To what, where: bloody turbulence · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 22 «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 3 turbulence | punct |
| 2 | bloody | bloody | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 turbulence | amod |
| 3 | turbulence | turbulence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 fall | obl |
| 4 | again | again | ADV | _ | 3 turbulence | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 fall | punct |
| 6 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 fall | nsubj |
| 7 | 're | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 fall | aux |
| 8 | gonna | gonna | PART | _ | 9 fall | mark |
| 9 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 10 | out | out | ADP | _ | 9 fall | compound:prt |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 sky | det |
| 12 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 fall | obl |
| 13 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 9 fall | punct |
| 14 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 16 right | nsubj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 right | cop |
| 16 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 fall | parataxis |
| 17 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 9 fall | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall out in a quote | present | we | bloody turbulence | the sky obl | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||
| 2 | is | present | right property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Only if the wings bend, which means they are breaking off and the plane will drop
The tree, 16 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 5 bend | advmod |
| 2 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 5 bend | mark |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 wings | det |
| 4 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 bend | nsubj |
| 5 | bend | bend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 means | punct |
| 7 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 means | nsubj |
| 8 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 bend | conj |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 breaking | nsubj |
| 10 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 breaking | aux |
| 11 | breaking | break | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 means | ccomp |
| 12 | off | off | ADP | _ | 11 breaking | compound:prt |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 drop | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 plane | det |
| 15 | plane | plane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 drop | nsubj |
| 16 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 drop | aux |
| 17 | drop | drop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 bend | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bend | present | the wings | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | mean | present | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 3 | break off | present · progressive | wings = wing | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | drop | future | the plane | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
Option 2
Turbulence only happens when the pilot is careless
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Turbulence | turbulence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 happens | nsubj |
| 2 | only | only | ADV | _ | 3 happens | advmod |
| 3 | happens | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 careless | advmod |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 pilot | det |
| 6 | pilot | pilot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 careless | nsubj |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 careless | cop |
| 8 | careless | careless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 happens | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | present | Turbulence | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | is | present | the pilot | careless property | tree rules |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Planes are built for much worse; just keep your seat belt on
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Planes | plane | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 built | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 built | aux:pass |
| 3 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 worse | case |
| 5 | much | much | ADV | _ | 6 worse | advmod |
| 6 | worse | bad | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 3 built | obl |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 9 keep | punct |
| 8 | just | just | ADV | _ | 9 keep | advmod |
| 9 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 built | conj |
| 10 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 belt | nmod:poss |
| 11 | seat | seat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 belt | compound |
| 12 | belt | belt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 keep | obj |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 keep | compound:prt |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | build | present · passive | Planes | for worse | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: subject=Product for bad=Asset | ||||
| 2 | keep on | infinitive | your seat belt | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent belt=Theme |
Option 4
Yes, a big bump can make any plane fall
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 7 make | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 bump | det |
| 4 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 bump | amod |
| 5 | bump | bump | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 make | nsubj |
| 6 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 make | aux |
| 7 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 8 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 10 fall | det |
| 9 | plane | plane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 fall | compound |
| 10 | fall | fall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 make | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | can | a big bump | any plane fall | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fall=Product |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/22-why-planes-fly/t2/