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Test 3 · ★ · Why planes fly

You look out of the window at landing and the wing seems to grow and bend at the back. What is happening?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: You, wing · What happens: look out, seem, grow, bend, happen · To what, where: window, landing, back

This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 22 «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: You look out of the window at landing and the wing seems to grow and bend at the back.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 look	nsubj
2	look	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	out	out	ADP	_	6 window	case
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 window	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 window	det
6	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 look	obl
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 landing	case
8	landing	landing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 look	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 seems	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 wing	det
11	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 seems	nsubj
12	seems	seem	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 look	conj
13	to	to	PART	_	14 grow	mark
14	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 seems	xcomp
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 bend	cc
16	bend	bend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 grow	conj
17	at	at	ADP	_	19 back	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 back	det
19	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 bend	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 look	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look out	present	You	the window		landing			tree rules
2	seem	present	the wing						vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute
3	grow	to-infinitive	the wing not said here						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	bend	infinitive	the wing not said here			the back			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at back=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is happening?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happening	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 happening	aux
3	happening	happen	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happening	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present · progressive							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

The wing is folding up to fit the gate

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 wing	det
2	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 folding	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 folding	aux
4	folding	fold	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 folding	compound:prt
6	to	to	PART	_	7 fit	mark
7	fit	fit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 folding	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 gate	det
9	gate	gate	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fold up	present · progressive	the wing						vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	fit	to-infinitive	the wing not said here	the gate					vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gate=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The fuel is leaking out of the wing, so the wing shrinks and bends

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fuel	det
2	fuel	fuel	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 leaking	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 leaking	aux
4	leaking	leak	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	out	out	ADP	_	8 wing	case
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 wing	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 wing	det
8	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 leaking	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 shrinks	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	13 shrinks	advmod
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 wing	det
12	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 shrinks	nsubj
13	shrinks	shrink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 leaking	parataxis
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 bends	cc
15	bends	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 shrinks	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leak out	present · progressive	the fuel	the wing					vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wing=Source
2	shrink	present	the wing						vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	bend	present	the wing not said here						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

The wing is breaking because of the cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 wing	det
2	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 breaking	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 breaking	aux
4	breaking	break	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	8 cold	case
6	of	of	ADP	_	5 because	fixed
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 cold	det
8	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 breaking	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	present · progressive	the wing					because the cold	vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Flaps and slats are sliding out so the plane can fly slowly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Flaps	flap	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sliding	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 slats	cc
3	slats	slat	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Flaps	conj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sliding	aux
5	sliding	slide	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	out	out	ADP	_	5 sliding	compound:prt
7	so	so	SCONJ	_	11 fly	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 plane	det
9	plane	plane	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 fly	nsubj
10	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 fly	aux
11	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 sliding	advcl
12	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	11 fly	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slide out	present · progressive	Flaps and slats						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	fly	can	the plane					slowly property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/22-why-planes-fly/t3/