Test 4 · ★ · Why planes fly

«why did that plane leave a white line and the other one didn't» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: plane, other one · What happens: leave, not do, be · To what, where: white line

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 22 «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 leave	punct
2	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 leave	advmod
3	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 leave	aux
4	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 plane	det
5	plane	plane	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 leave	nsubj
6	leave	leave	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 line	det
8	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 line	amod
9	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 leave	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 did	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 one	det
12	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 one	amod
13	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 did	nsubj
14	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 leave	conj
15	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 did	advmod
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 leave	punct
17	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	19 right	nsubj
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 right	cop
19	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 leave	advcl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 leave	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	leave in a quote	past · do-support	that plane	a white line		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme
2	not do in a quote	past	the other one			vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is	present			right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Trails form only when the air up there is cold and damp enough

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Trails	trail	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 form	nsubj
2	form	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	10 cold	advmod
4	when	when	SCONJ	_	10 cold	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 air	det
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 cold	nsubj
7	up	up	ADV	_	8 there	advmod
8	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	6 air	advmod
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 cold	cop
10	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 form	advcl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 damp	cc
12	damp	damp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 cold	conj
13	enough	enough	ADV	_	12 damp	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	form	present	Trails		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	the air	cold property	tree rules
3	be		the air not said here	enough property	tree rules

Option 2

The second plane had its engines switched off

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 plane	det
2	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	3 plane	amod
3	plane	plane	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 had	nsubj
4	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 engines	nmod:poss
6	engines	engine	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 had	obj
7	switched	switch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 engines	acl
8	off	off	ADP	_	7 switched	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	the second plane	plane's engines					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Patient
2	switch off	participle		plane's engines not said here					vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

Only one of them was spraying chemicals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 one	advmod
2	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 spraying	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 them	case
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 one	nmod
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 spraying	aux
6	spraying	spray	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	root	root
7	chemicals	chemical	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 spraying	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spray	past · progressive	one of them	chemicals					vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent chemical=Theme

Option 4

One plane was burning fuel, the other was gliding along without engines

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 plane	nummod
2	plane	plane	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fuel	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 fuel	cop
4	burning	burn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 fuel	amod
5	fuel	fuel	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 gliding	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 other	det
8	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 gliding	nsubj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 gliding	aux
10	gliding	glide	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 fuel	conj
11	along	along	ADV	_	10 gliding	advmod
12	without	without	ADP	_	13 engines	case
13	engines	engine	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 gliding	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	burn	gerund				vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is a	past	One plane	burning fuel		tree rules
3	glide	past · progressive	the other		without engines; along property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/22-why-planes-fly/t4/