Exam question 3 · Ships, ports and submarines

Ascertain the course of action recommended to a person who has fallen into cold water.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, person · What happens: ascertain, recommend, fall · To what, where: course, action, person, cold water

This is exam question 3 of lesson 24 «Ships, ports and submarines» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 course	det
3	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 action	case
5	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 course	nmod
6	recommended	recommend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 action	acl
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 person	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 person	det
9	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 recommended	obl
10	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 fallen	nsubj
11	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 fallen	aux
12	fallen	fall	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 person	acl:relcl
13	into	into	ADP	_	15 water	case
14	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 water	amod
15	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 fallen	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the course of action			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent course=Topic
2	recommend	participle		action not said here	a person		vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to person=Recipient
3	fall	present · perfect	a person			into cold water result	vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into water=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

To float upon the back, to remain calm and to signal for assistance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 float	mark
2	float	float	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 back	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 back	det
5	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 float	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 remain	punct
7	to	to	PART	_	8 remain	mark
8	remain	remain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 float	conj
9	calm	calm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 remain	xcomp
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 signal	cc
11	to	to	PART	_	12 signal	mark
12	signal	signal	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 float	conj
13	for	for	ADP	_	14 assistance	case
14	assistance	assistance	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 signal	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	where	other	roles by
1	float	to-infinitive	the back		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon back=Trajectory
2	remain	to-infinitive		calm property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	signal speech: other	to-infinitive		for assistance	vn instr_communication-37.4.1 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Agent for assistance=Topic

Option 2

To dive to a greater depth in search of warmer water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 dive	mark
2	dive	dive	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	6 depth	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 depth	det
5	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 depth	amod
6	depth	depth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dive	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 search	case
8	search	search	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dive	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 water	case
10	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 water	amod
11	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 search	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dive	to-infinitive						to a greater depth; in search of warmer water	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in search=Attribute
2	search			warmer water					nom search «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

To swim with maximum exertion directly away from the shore

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 swim	mark
2	swim	swim	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	5 exertion	case
4	maximum	maximum	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 exertion	amod
5	exertion	exertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 swim	obl
6	directly	directly	ADV	_	7 away	advmod
7	away	away	ADV	_	2 swim	advmod
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 shore	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 shore	det
10	shore	shore	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 away	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	to-infinitive						with maximum exertion; away property	vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «PP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with exertion=Theme

Option 4

To remove all garments in order to swim with greater speed and less hindrance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 remove	mark
2	remove	remove	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 garments	det
4	garments	garment	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 remove	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 order	case
6	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 remove	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 swim	mark
8	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 remove	advcl
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 speed	case
10	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 speed	amod
11	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 swim	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 hindrance	cc
13	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	14 hindrance	amod
14	hindrance	hindrance	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 speed	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remove	to-infinitive		all garments		order			vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent garment=Theme
2	swim	to-infinitive						with greater speed and less hindrance	vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «PP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with speed=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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