Exam question 3 · Bicycles and other wheels

Ascertain the reason for which a protective helmet must be replaced following a collision, notwithstanding the absence of visible damage.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, replace, follow, notwithstand, absent · To what, where: reason, protective helmet, absence, visible damage

This is exam question 3 of lesson 25 «Bicycles and other wheels» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 replaced	obl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 helmet	det
7	protective	protective	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 helmet	amod
8	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 replaced	nsubj:pass
9	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 replaced	aux
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 replaced	aux:pass
11	replaced	replace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 reason	acl:relcl
12	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 collision	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 collision	det
14	collision	collision	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 replaced	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 notwithstanding	punct
16	notwithstanding	notwithstand	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 replaced	advcl
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 absence	det
18	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 notwithstanding	obj
19	of	of	ADP	_	21 damage	case
20	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 damage	amod
21	damage	damage	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 absence	nmod
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	replace	must · passive		a protective helmet	for the reason; follow a collision	vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme
3	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	notwithstand	gerund		the absence of visible damage		tree rules
5	absent			visible damage		nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Its strap is invariably lengthened by a collision

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 strap	nmod:poss
2	strap	strap	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lengthened	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 lengthened	aux:pass
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	5 lengthened	advmod
5	lengthened	lengthen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 collision	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 collision	det
8	collision	collision	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lengthened	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lengthen	present · passive	a collision	Its strap				invariably property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 2

Its weight is increased by any collision so as to render it uncomfortable to wear

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 weight	nmod:poss
2	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 increased	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 increased	aux:pass
4	increased	increase	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 collision	case
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 collision	det
7	collision	collision	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 increased	obl
8	so	so	ADV	_	11 render	advmod
9	as	as	SCONJ	_	11 render	mark
10	to	to	PART	_	11 render	mark
11	render	render	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 increased	advcl
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 render	obj
13	uncomfortable	uncomfortable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 render	xcomp
14	to	to	PART	_	15 wear	mark
15	wear	wear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 uncomfortable	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	increase	present · passive	any collision	Its weight		vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer subject=Patient
2	render	to-infinitive	any collision not said here	weight	uncomfortable property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
3	wear	to-infinitive	any collision not said here			vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Its colour is impaired by any collision

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 colour	nmod:poss
2	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 impaired	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 impaired	aux:pass
4	impaired	impair	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 collision	case
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 collision	det
7	collision	collision	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 impaired	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	impair	present · passive	any collision	Its colour					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Its foam lining absorbs an impact only once, by being crushed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 lining	nmod:poss
2	foam	foam	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lining	compound
3	lining	lining	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 absorbs	nsubj
4	absorbs	absorb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 impact	det
6	impact	impact	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 absorbs	obj
7	only	only	ADV	_	8 once	advmod
8	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	4 absorbs	advmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 crushed	punct
10	by	by	SCONJ	_	12 crushed	mark
11	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 crushed	aux:pass
12	crushed	crush	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 absorbs	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absorb	present	Its foam lining	a impact				once property	vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Goal impact=Theme
2	crush	gerund · passive	Its foam lining not said here						vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/25-bicycles-and-other-wheels/e3/