Exam question 4 · Bicycles and other wheels

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the function of a reflector?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: function

This is exam question 4 of lesson 25 «Bicycles and other wheels» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 function	det
10	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 reflector	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 reflector	det
13	reflector	reflector	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 function	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the function of a reflector				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It stores daylight and releases it during darkness

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stores	nsubj
2	stores	store	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	daylight	daylight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stores	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 releases	cc
5	releases	release	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 stores	conj
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 releases	obj
7	during	during	ADP	_	8 darkness	case
8	darkness	darkness	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 releases	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	store	present	It	daylight					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent daylight=Theme
2	release	present		daylight			during darkness		vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer it=Source

Option 2

It contains a battery which illuminates it upon the approach of a vehicle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 contains	nsubj
2	contains	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 battery	det
4	battery	battery	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 contains	obj
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 illuminates	nsubj
6	illuminates	illuminate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 battery	acl:relcl
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 illuminates	obj
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 approach	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 approach	det
10	approach	approach	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 illuminates	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 vehicle	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 vehicle	det
13	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 approach	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	contain	present	It	a battery		vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot battery=Theme
2	illuminate	present	a battery	battery	upon the approach of a vehicle	vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Destination
3	approach		a vehicle			nom approach «act intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Minute corner-shaped surfaces return incident light directly towards its source

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Minute	minute	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 surfaces	amod
2	corner	corner	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shaped	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 corner	punct
4	shaped	shape	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 surfaces	amod
5	surfaces	surface	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 return	nsubj
6	return	return	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	incident	incident	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 light	amod
8	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 return	obj
9	directly	directly	ADV	_	6 return	advmod
10	towards	towards	ADP	_	12 source	case
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 source	nmod:poss
12	source	source	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 return	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shape	participle							vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
2	return	present	Minute shaped surfaces	incident light				towards light's source; directly property	vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme

Option 4

It is coated with a substance that glows upon being heated

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 coated	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 coated	aux:pass
3	coated	coat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 substance	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 substance	det
6	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 coated	obl
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 glows	nsubj
8	glows	glow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 substance	acl:relcl
9	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	11 heated	mark
10	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 heated	aux:pass
11	heated	heat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 glows	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	coat	present · passive		It	with a substance	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with substance=Theme
2	glow	present	a substance			vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	heat	gerund · passive	a substance not said here			vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/25-bicycles-and-other-wheels/e4/