Exam question 1 · Road and railway safety

Identify the principal reason for which a pedestrian ought not to emerge between stationary vehicles.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, pedestrian · What happens: identify, not emerge · To what, where: principal reason, stationary vehicles

This is exam question 1 of lesson 27 «Road and railway safety» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 emerge	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 pedestrian	det
8	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 emerge	nsubj
9	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 emerge	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 emerge	advmod
11	to	to	PART	_	12 emerge	mark
12	emerge	emerge	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 reason	acl:relcl
13	between	between	ADP	_	15 vehicles	case
14	stationary	stationary	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 vehicles	compound
15	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 emerge	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	not emerge	ought	a pedestrian	the principal reason not said here		stationary vehicles		for the principal reason	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between vehicle=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The practice is discourteous towards the owners of the vehicles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 practice	det
2	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 discourteous	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 discourteous	cop
4	discourteous	discourteous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	towards	towards	ADP	_	7 owners	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 owners	det
7	owners	owner	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 discourteous	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 vehicles	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 vehicles	det
10	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 owners	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the practice					towards the owners of the vehicles; discourteous property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The pedestrian can neither be perceived by approaching drivers nor perceive the approaching traffic

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pedestrian	det
2	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 perceived	nsubj:pass
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 perceived	aux
4	neither	neither	ADV	_	6 perceived	advmod
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 perceived	aux:pass
6	perceived	perceive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	by	by	SCONJ	_	8 approaching	mark
8	approaching	approach	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 perceived	advcl
9	drivers	driver	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 approaching	obj
10	nor	nor	CCONJ	Polarity=Neg	11 perceive	cc
11	perceive	perceive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 approaching	conj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 traffic	det
13	approaching	approaching	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 traffic	compound
14	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 perceive	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	perceive	can · passive	the pedestrian	neither property	vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus
2	approach	gerund	drivers		vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent driver=Theme
3	perceive	infinitive	the approaching traffic		vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer traffic=Stimulus

Option 3

Stationary vehicles are liable to depart without warning together with the pedestrian

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stationary	stationary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 vehicles	amod
2	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 liable	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 liable	cop
4	liable	liable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 depart	mark
6	depart	depart	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 liable	xcomp
7	without	without	SCONJ	_	8 warning	mark
8	warning	warn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 depart	advcl
9	together	together	ADV	_	8 warning	advmod
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 pedestrian	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 pedestrian	det
12	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 warning	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	Stationary vehicles	liable property	tree rules
2	depart	to-infinitive	Stationary vehicles not said here		vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	warn speech: warn	gerund	Stationary vehicles not said here	with the pedestrian; together property	vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent

Option 4

The vehicles are thereby caused to emit audible alarms

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 vehicles	det
2	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 caused	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 caused	aux:pass
4	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	5 caused	advmod
5	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 emit	mark
7	emit	emit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 caused	xcomp
8	audible	audible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 alarms	amod
9	alarms	alarm	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 emit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present · passive		the vehicles				thereby property	tree rules
2	emit	to-infinitive	the vehicles not said here	audible alarms					vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source alarm=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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