Exam question 2 · Diggers, cranes and cement mixers

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the hardening of concrete.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts, concrete · What happens: select, establish, concern, harden · To what, where: response, hardening

This is exam question 2 of lesson 28 «Diggers, cranes and cement mixers» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 hardening	det
11	hardening	hardening	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 concrete	case
13	concrete	concrete	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 hardening	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the hardening of concrete		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus hardening=Experiencer
4	harden		concrete			nom hardening «state intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Concrete hardens by means of a chemical reaction with water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Concrete	concrete	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hardens	nsubj
2	hardens	harden	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 means	case
4	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 hardens	ccomp
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 reaction	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 reaction	det
7	chemical	chemical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 reaction	amod
8	reaction	reaction	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 means	obl
9	with	with	ADP	_	10 water	case
10	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 reaction	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	harden	present	Concrete						tree rules
2	mean	present	Concrete not said here					of a chemical reaction with water	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Concrete hardens only when compressed by a roller

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Concrete	concrete	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hardens	nsubj
2	hardens	harden	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 compressed	advmod
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	5 compressed	advmod
5	compressed	compress	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 hardens	xcomp
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 roller	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 roller	det
8	roller	roller	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 compressed	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	harden	present	Concrete						tree rules
2	compress	participle	Concrete not said here						vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

Concrete hardens solely by evaporation of its water in the heat of the sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Concrete	concrete	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hardens	nsubj
2	hardens	harden	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	solely	solely	ADV	_	2 hardens	advmod
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 evaporation	case
5	evaporation	evaporation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hardens	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 water	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 water	nmod:poss
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 evaporation	nmod
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 heat	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 heat	det
11	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hardens	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 sun	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 sun	det
14	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 heat	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	harden	present	Concrete		the heat of the sun	by evaporation of Concrete's water; solely property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	evaporate			Concrete's water			nom evaporation «process transitive»: of=patient
3	heat		the sun				nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent

Option 4

Concrete hardens exclusively by freezing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Concrete	concrete	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hardens	nsubj
2	hardens	harden	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 hardens	advmod
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 freezing	case
5	freezing	freezing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hardens	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	harden	present	Concrete					by freezing; exclusively property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/28-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers/e2/