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Test 8 · ★★★ · Bridges and skyscrapers

Two piles of the same stones: one built as an arch, one as a flat beam laid across the gap with no support in the middle. Which carries more weight?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: build, lay, carry · To what, where: flat beam, gap, more weight

This is test 8 · ★★★ of lesson 30 «Bridges and skyscrapers» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Two piles of the same stones: one built as an arch, one as a flat beam laid across the gap with no support in the middle.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 piles	nummod
2	piles	pile	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 one	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 stones	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 stones	det
5	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 stones	amod
6	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 piles	nmod
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 one	punct
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root
9	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 one	acl
10	as	as	ADP	_	12 arch	case
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 arch	det
12	arch	arch	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 built	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 one	punct
14	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 one	conj
15	as	as	ADP	_	18 beam	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 beam	det
17	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 beam	amod
18	beam	beam	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 one	nmod
19	laid	lay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 beam	acl
20	across	across	ADP	_	22 gap	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 gap	det
22	gap	gap	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 laid	obl
23	with	with	ADP	_	25 support	case
24	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	25 support	det
25	support	support	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 gap	nmod
26	in	in	ADP	_	28 middle	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 middle	det
28	middle	middle	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 support	nmod
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 one	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	participle						as a arch	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	lay	participle		a flat beam not said here		the gap with no support in the middle			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which carries more weight?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	2 carries	nsubj
2	carries	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 weight	amod
4	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 carries	obj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 carries	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present		more weight					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The arch, because it pushes the weight down into its ends

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 arch	det
2	arch	arch	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pushes	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 pushes	punct
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	6 pushes	mark
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 pushes	nsubj
6	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 weight	det
8	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pushes	obj
9	down	down	ADV	_	6 pushes	advmod
10	into	into	ADP	_	12 ends	case
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 ends	nmod:poss
12	ends	end	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 pushes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push down	present	the arch	the weight			into arch's ends	down property	vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent weight=Theme into end=Destination

Option 2

Both carry exactly the same

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 carry	nsubj
2	carry	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	5 same	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 same	det
5	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 carry	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present	Both	the same					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent same=Theme

Option 3

Neither can carry any weight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	ADV	_	3 carry	advmod
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 carry	aux
3	carry	carry	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	5 weight	det
5	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carry	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	can		any weight				neither property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Theme

Option 4

The flat beam, because it has more stone on top and the weight sits straight down

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 beam	det
2	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 beam	amod
3	beam	beam	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 has	punct
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 has	mark
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 has	nsubj
7	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 beam	acl:relcl
8	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 stone	amod
9	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 has	obj
10	on	on	ADP	_	11 top	case
11	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 stone	nmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 sits	cc
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 weight	det
14	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 sits	nsubj
15	sits	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 has	conj
16	straight	straight	ADV	_	17 down	advmod
17	down	down	ADV	_	15 sits	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	beam	more stone		top			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Patient
2	sit	present	the weight					down property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/30-bridges-and-skyscrapers/t8/