Test 9 · ★★★ · Bridges and skyscrapers

«the house cracked in the drought, how? there's no earthquake» What is a likely reason?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: house · What happens: crack, be · To what, where: drought, likely reason

This is test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 30 «Bridges and skyscrapers» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 cracked	punct
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 house	det
3	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cracked	nsubj
4	cracked	crack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 reason	advcl
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 drought	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 drought	det
7	drought	drought	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cracked	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 's	punct
9	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	12 's	advmod
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 how	punct
11	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	12 's	expl
12	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 reason	cop
13	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	14 earthquake	det
14	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 's	nsubj
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 's	punct
16	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	20 reason	nsubj
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 reason	cop
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 reason	det
19	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 reason	amod
20	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	20 reason	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crack in a quote	past	the house			the drought			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in drought=Location
2	is a	present		a likely reason					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Drought makes bricks melt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Drought	drought	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	bricks	brick	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 makes	obj
4	melt	melt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Drought	bricks					tree rules
2	melt	infinitive	bricks not said here						vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

Dry air pushes on the walls

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 air	amod
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pushes	nsubj
3	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 walls	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 walls	det
6	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pushes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present	Dry air					on the walls	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on wall=Theme

Option 3

The heat makes houses grow taller

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 heat	det
2	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	nsubj
3	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	houses	house	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 makes	obj
5	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 makes	xcomp
6	taller	tall	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 grow	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	the heat	houses					tree rules
2	grow	infinitive	houses not said here					tall property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It stands on clay, which shrinks in very dry summers and moves the foundations

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stands	nsubj
2	stands	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	4 clay	case
4	clay	clay	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stands	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 shrinks	punct
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 shrinks	nsubj
7	shrinks	shrink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 clay	acl:relcl
8	in	in	ADP	_	11 summers	case
9	very	very	ADV	_	10 dry	advmod
10	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 summers	amod
11	summers	summer	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 shrinks	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 moves	cc
13	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 stands	conj
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 foundations	det
15	foundations	foundation	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 moves	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	stand	present	It		clay		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on clay=Location
2	shrink	present	clay			summer	vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	move	present		the foundations			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent foundation=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/30-bridges-and-skyscrapers/t9/