Exam question 1 · Power stations and the grid

Identify the principal means by which the majority of electricity is generated in a power station.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, principal · What happens: identify, mean, generate · To what, where: majority, power station · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 1 of lesson 32 «Power stations and the grid» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 principal	det
3	principal	principal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 means	nsubj
4	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	ccomp
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 generated	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 majority	det
8	majority	majority	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 generated	nsubj:pass
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 electricity	case
10	electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 majority	nmod
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 generated	aux:pass
12	generated	generate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 means	ccomp
13	in	in	ADP	_	16 station	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 station	det
15	power	power	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 station	compound
16	station	station	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 generated	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	mean	present	the principal			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	generate	present · passive		the majority of electricity	a power station	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The collection of lightning in suitable containers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 collection	det
2	collection	collection	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 lightning	case
4	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 collection	nmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 containers	case
6	suitable	suitable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 containers	amod
7	containers	container	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 collection	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The rotation of a generator, in which magnets pass coils of wire, by means of a turbine

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rotation	det
2	rotation	rotation	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 pass	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 generator	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 generator	det
5	generator	generator	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rotation	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 pass	punct
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 which	case
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 pass	obl
9	magnets	magnet	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 pass	nsubj
10	pass	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	coils	coil	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 pass	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 wire	case
13	wire	wire	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 coils	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 means	punct
15	by	by	ADP	_	16 means	case
16	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 pass	parataxis
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 turbine	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 turbine	det
19	turbine	turbine	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 means	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	pass	present	the rotation of a generator	coils of wire		vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent coil=Theme in which=Destination
2	mean	present			of a turbine	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	rotate		a generator			nom rotation «act intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3

The heating of metal plates until they emit electricity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 heating	det
2	heating	heating	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 emit	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 plates	case
4	metal	metal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 plates	compound
5	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 heating	nmod
6	until	until	SCONJ	_	8 emit	mark
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 emit	nsubj
8	emit	emit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 emit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emit	present	the heating of metal plates	electricity					vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source electricity=Theme
2	heat		metal plates						nom heating «process intransitive»: of=agent

Option 4

The direct conversion of coal into electricity without motion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 conversion	det
2	direct	direct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 conversion	amod
3	conversion	conversion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 coal	case
5	coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conversion	nmod
6	into	into	ADP	_	7 electricity	case
7	electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conversion	nmod
8	without	without	ADP	_	9 motion	case
9	motion	motion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conversion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	convert			coal		electricity		without motion	nom conversion «event transitive»: of=patient into=place without=obl

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/32-power-stations-and-the-grid/e1/