Test 11 · ★ · Power stations and the grid

Why do engineers send electricity at high voltage over long lines but lower it before it reaches homes?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: engineers, electricity · What happens: send, lower, reach · To what, where: electricity, high voltage, homes

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 32 «Power stations and the grid» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 send	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 send	aux
3	engineers	engineer	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 send	nsubj
4	send	send	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 send	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	8 voltage	case
7	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 voltage	amod
8	voltage	voltage	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 send	obl
9	over	over	ADP	_	11 lines	case
10	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 lines	amod
11	lines	line	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 send	obl
12	but	but	CCONJ	_	13 lower	cc
13	lower	lower	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 send	conj
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 lower	obj
15	before	before	SCONJ	_	17 reaches	mark
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 reaches	nsubj
17	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 lower	advcl
18	homes	home	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 reaches	obj
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 send	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	send	present · do-support	engineers	electricity	high voltage	over long lines	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electricity=Theme
2	lower	present	engineers not said here	electricity			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
3	reach	present	electricity	homes			vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent home=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

High voltage wastes less on the way but is far too strong for homes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	High	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 voltage	amod
2	voltage	voltage	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wastes	nsubj
3	wastes	waste	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 wastes	advmod
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 way	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 way	det
7	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wastes	obl
8	but	but	CCONJ	_	12 strong	cc
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 strong	cop
10	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	12 strong	advmod
11	too	too	ADV	_	12 strong	advmod
12	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 wastes	conj
13	for	for	ADP	_	14 homes	case
14	homes	home	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 strong	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	waste	present	High voltage					on the way goal; less property	vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent on way=Goal
2	is	present	High voltage not said here					for homes; far, strong property	tree rules

Option 2

Low voltage travels faster on long lines

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 voltage	amod
2	voltage	voltage	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 travels	nsubj
3	travels	travel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 travels	advmod
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 lines	case
6	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 lines	amod
7	lines	line	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 travels	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	travel	present	Low voltage			long lines		fast property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on line=Trajectory

Option 3

High voltage is cheaper to use in homes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	High	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 voltage	amod
2	voltage	voltage	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cheaper	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cheaper	cop
4	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 use	mark
6	use	use	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 cheaper	xcomp
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 homes	case
8	homes	home	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 use	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	High voltage					cheap property	tree rules
2	use	to-infinitive	High voltage not said here			homes			vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Homes need more voltage than lines do

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Homes	home	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 need	nsubj
2	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 voltage	amod
4	voltage	voltage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 need	obj
5	than	than	SCONJ	_	7 do	mark
6	lines	line	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 do	nsubj
7	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 need	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	Homes	more voltage					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot voltage=Theme
2	do	present	lines						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/32-power-stations-and-the-grid/t11/