Exam question 3 · Wind, sun and other clean energy

Ascertain the principal cause of the tides employed in tidal power stations.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, principal cause · What happens: ascertain, employ · To what, where: principal cause, tidal power stations

This is exam question 3 of lesson 33 «Wind, sun and other clean energy» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cause	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cause	amod
4	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 tides	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 tides	det
7	tides	tide	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 employed	obl
8	employed	employ	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 cause	acl:relcl
9	in	in	ADP	_	12 stations	case
10	tidal	tidal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 stations	amod
11	power	power	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 stations	compound
12	stations	station	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 employed	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the principal cause					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cause=Topic
2	employ	past	the principal cause not said here			tidal power stations		of the tides	vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The movement of large marine animals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 movement	det
2	movement	movement	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 animals	case
4	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 animals	amod
5	marine	marine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 animals	amod
6	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 movement	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move			large marine animals					nom movement «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The gravitational attraction exerted by the Moon upon the oceans

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 attraction	det
2	gravitational	gravitational	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 attraction	amod
3	attraction	attraction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	exerted	exert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 attraction	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 Moon	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Moon	det
7	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 exerted	obl
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 oceans	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 oceans	det
10	oceans	ocean	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 exerted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exert	participle		the gravitational attraction not said here				by the Moon; upon the oceans	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

The discharge of rivers into the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 discharge	det
2	discharge	discharge	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 rivers	case
4	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 discharge	nmod
5	into	into	ADP	_	7 sea	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sea	det
7	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 discharge	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	discharge			rivers		the sea			nom discharge «event transitive»: of=patient into=place

Option 4

The action of the wind blowing steadily upon the surface of the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 action	det
2	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 wind	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 wind	det
5	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 action	nmod
6	blowing	blow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 wind	acl
7	steadily	steadily	ADV	_	6 blowing	advmod
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 surface	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 surface	det
10	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 blowing	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 sea	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 sea	det
13	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 surface	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blow	gerund	the wind not said here					upon the surface of the sea; steadily property	vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient
2	act		the wind						nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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