Exam question 2 · Wind, sun and other clean energy

Identify the principal process by which a solar cell produces electricity.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, solar cell · What happens: identify, produce · To what, where: principal process, electricity

This is exam question 2 of lesson 33 «Wind, sun and other clean energy» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 process	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 process	amod
4	process	process	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 produces	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 cell	det
8	solar	solar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 cell	amod
9	cell	cell	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 produces	nsubj
10	produces	produce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 process	acl:relcl
11	electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 produces	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal process					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent process=Theme
2	produce	present	a solar cell	electricity				by the principal process	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electricity=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Light heats water into steam which rotates a turbine

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 heats	nsubj
2	heats	heat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 heats	obj
4	into	into	ADP	_	5 steam	case
5	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 heats	obl
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 rotates	nsubj
7	rotates	rotate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 steam	acl:relcl
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 turbine	det
9	turbine	turbine	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 rotates	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	heat	present	Light	water				into steam result	vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent water=Patient into steam=Result
2	rotate	present	steam	a turbine					vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location turbine=Theme

Option 2

Light rotates a small wheel concealed within the panel

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rotates	nsubj
2	rotates	rotate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 wheel	det
4	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 wheel	amod
5	wheel	wheel	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rotates	obj
6	concealed	conceal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 wheel	acl
7	within	within	ADP	_	9 panel	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 panel	det
9	panel	panel	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 concealed	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rotate	present	Light	a small wheel					vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wheel=Theme
2	conceal	participle		a small wheel not said here					vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Light liberates electrons within the silicon, which then flow as an electric current

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 liberates	nsubj
2	liberates	liberate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	electrons	electron	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 liberates	obj
4	within	within	ADP	_	6 silicon	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 silicon	det
6	silicon	silicon	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 liberates	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 flow	punct
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 flow	obj
9	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	10 flow	advmod
10	flow	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 liberates	conj
11	as	as	ADP	_	14 current	case
12	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 current	det
13	electric	electric	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 current	amod
14	current	current	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 flow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	liberate	present	Light	electrons				within the silicon	vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electron=Theme
2	flow	present	Light not said here				then	as a electric current	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location which=Theme

Option 4

Light is stored in the form of a chemical fuel

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stored	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 stored	aux:pass
3	stored	store	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 form	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 form	det
6	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stored	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 fuel	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 fuel	det
9	chemical	chemical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 fuel	amod
10	fuel	fuel	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 form	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	store	present · passive		Light		the form of a chemical fuel			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in form=Location
2	form			a chemical fuel					nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/33-wind-sun-and-other-clean-energy/e2/