Exam question 1 · Wind, sun and other clean energy

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises renewable energy?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: renewable energy

This is exam question 1 of lesson 33 «Wind, sun and other clean energy» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	renewable	renewable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 energy	amod
10	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		renewable energy				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

It derives from sources not exhausted by use, such as wind and sunlight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 derives	nsubj
2	derives	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 sources	case
4	sources	source	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 derives	obl
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 exhausted	advmod
6	exhausted	exhaust	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 sources	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 use	case
8	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 exhausted	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 wind	punct
10	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	12 wind	case
11	as	as	ADP	_	10 such	fixed
12	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sources	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 sunlight	cc
14	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 wind	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	It			sources such wind and sunlight			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from source=Material
2	not exhaust	participle		sources such wind and sunlight not said here				by use	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2

It is derived exclusively from coal and oil of very recent extraction from the ground

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 derived	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 derived	aux:pass
3	derived	derive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	3 derived	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 coal	case
6	coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 derived	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 oil	cc
8	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 coal	conj
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 extraction	case
10	very	very	ADV	_	11 recent	advmod
11	recent	recent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 extraction	amod
12	extraction	extraction	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 coal	nmod
13	from	from	ADP	_	15 ground	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 ground	det
15	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 derived	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present · passive		It		coal of recent extraction and oil		from the ground; exclusively property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from coal=Material

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It is energy which may be employed on one occasion only and is then lost for ever

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 energy	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 energy	cop
3	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 employed	nsubj:pass
5	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 employed	aux
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 employed	aux:pass
7	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 energy	acl:relcl
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 occasion	case
9	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 occasion	nummod
10	occasion	occasion	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 employed	obl
11	only	only	ADV	_	7 employed	advmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 lost	cc
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 lost	aux:pass
14	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	15 lost	advmod
15	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 employed	conj
16	for	for	ADP	_	17 ever	case
17	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	15 lost	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	is a	present	It	energy			tree rules
2	employ	may · passive		energy	one occasion		vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
3	lose	present · passive				then	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»

Option 4

It is energy which is cheaper than every alternative in every country of the world

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 cheaper	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 cheaper	cop
3	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cheaper	nsubj
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 cheaper	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 cheaper	cop
6	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
7	than	than	ADP	_	9 alternative	case
8	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	9 alternative	det
9	alternative	alternative	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 cheaper	obl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 country	case
11	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	12 country	det
12	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cheaper	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 world	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 world	det
15	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 country	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			every country of the world		than every alternative; cheap property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/33-wind-sun-and-other-clean-energy/e1/