Test 11 · ★★ · The internet and undersea cables

Why is a web page chopped into packets instead of sent all in one piece?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: packets · What happens: chop, send · To what, where: web page, packets, one piece

This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 37 «The internet and undersea cables» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 chopped	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 chopped	aux:pass
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 page	det
4	web	web	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 page	compound
5	page	page	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 chopped	nsubj:pass
6	chopped	chop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	into	into	ADP	_	8 packets	case
8	packets	packet	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 chopped	obl
9	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=SCONJ	11 sent	mark
10	of	of	ADP	_	9 instead	fixed
11	sent	send	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 packets	acl
12	all	all	ADV	_	15 piece	advmod
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 piece	case
14	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 piece	nummod
15	piece	piece	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 sent	obj
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 chopped	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chop	present · passive		a web page				into packets result	vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into packet=Result
2	send	participle	packets not said here	one piece					vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Packets are prettier on the screen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Packets	packet	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 prettier	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 prettier	cop
3	prettier	pretty	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 screen	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 screen	det
6	screen	screen	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 prettier	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Packets			the screen		pretty property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Packets make the page smaller on your screen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Packets	packet	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 page	det
4	page	page	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obj
5	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 make	xcomp
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 screen	case
7	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 screen	nmod:poss
8	screen	screen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Packets	the page		your screen		small property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset page=Product

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Small packets can each find a free path and a lost one can be sent again

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 packets	amod
2	packets	packet	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 find	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 find	aux
4	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	5 find	advmod
5	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 path	det
7	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 path	amod
8	path	path	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 find	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 sent	cc
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 one	det
11	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 one	amod
12	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 sent	nsubj:pass
13	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 sent	aux
14	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	15 sent	aux:pass
15	sent	send	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 find	conj
16	again	again	ADV	_	15 sent	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	find	can	Small packets	a free path		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent path=Topic
2	lose	participle				vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	send	can · passive		a lost one	again	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4

Big pieces are not allowed by law

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 pieces	amod
2	pieces	piece	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 allowed	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 allowed	aux:pass
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 allowed	advmod
5	allowed	allow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 law	case
7	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 allowed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not allow	present · passive	law	Big pieces					vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Beneficiary

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/37-the-internet-and-undersea-cables/t11/