Test 10 · ★★ · Satellites and GPS

Why can a tiny fleck of paint damage a spacecraft?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: tiny fleck · What happens: damage · To what, where: spacecraft

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 38 «Satellites and GPS» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	8 damage	advmod
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 damage	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 fleck	det
4	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 fleck	amod
5	fleck	fleck	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 damage	nsubj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 paint	case
7	paint	paint	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fleck	nmod
8	damage	damage	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 spacecraft	det
10	spacecraft	spacecraft	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 damage	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 damage	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	damage	can	a tiny fleck of paint	a spacecraft					vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spacecraft=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Space paint is made of metal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 paint	compound
2	paint	paint	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux:pass
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 metal	case
6	metal	metal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Space paint				of metal	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

In orbit it moves extremely fast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 orbit	case
2	orbit	orbit	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 moves	obl
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 moves	nsubj
4	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	extremely	extremely	ADV	_	4 moves	advmod
6	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 moves	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	present	orbit			orbit		extremely, fast property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in orbit=Trajectory

Option 3

It explodes when it touches glass

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 explodes	nsubj
2	explodes	explode	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	5 touches	advmod
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 touches	nsubj
5	touches	touch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 explodes	advcl
6	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 touches	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	explode	present	It						vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	touch	present	it	glass					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme glass=Co-Theme

Option 4

It is red-hot from the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 hot	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hot	cop
3	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 hot	amod
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 red	punct
5	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 Sun	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Sun	det
8	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 hot	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			the Sun		hot property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/38-satellites-and-gps/t10/