Exam question 1 · Self-driving cars and machines that run themselves
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the operation of lidar?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, operate · To what, where: operation, lidar
This is exam question 1 of lesson 40 «Self-driving cars and machines that run themselves» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 characterises | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 statements | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 statements | det |
| 4 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 statements | amod |
| 5 | statements | statement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 characterises | obl |
| 6 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 7 accurately | advmod |
| 7 | accurately | accurately | ADV | _ | 8 characterises | advmod |
| 8 | characterises | characteris | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 operation | det |
| 10 | operation | operation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 characterises | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 lidar | case |
| 12 | lidar | lidar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 operation | nmod |
| 13 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 8 characterises | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | characteris | present | the operation of lidar | of the following statements; accurately property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | operate | lidar | nom operation «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Distance is determined by measuring the interval before laser light returns to the instrument
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 determined | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 determined | aux:pass |
| 3 | determined | determine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 5 measuring | mark |
| 5 | measuring | measure | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 determined | advcl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 interval | det |
| 7 | interval | interval | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 measuring | obj |
| 8 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 11 returns | mark |
| 9 | laser | laser | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 light | compound |
| 10 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 returns | nsubj |
| 11 | returns | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 measuring | advcl |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 instrument | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 instrument | det |
| 14 | instrument | instrument | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 returns | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | determine | present · passive | Distance | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 2 | measure | gerund | the interval | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme interval=Value | |||||
| 3 | return | present | laser light | to the instrument result | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to instrument=Result |
Option 2
Distance is determined by radio enquiry of other vehicles
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 determined | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 determined | aux:pass |
| 3 | determined | determine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 enquiry | case |
| 5 | radio | radio | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 enquiry | compound |
| 6 | enquiry | enquiry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 determined | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 vehicles | case |
| 8 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 vehicles | amod |
| 9 | vehicles | vehicle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 enquiry | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | determine | present · passive | radio enquiry of other vehicles | Distance | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic | ||||
| 2 | enquire | other vehicles | nom enquiry «communication transitive»: of=patient |
Option 3
Distance is determined by counting the markings upon the road
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 determined | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 determined | aux:pass |
| 3 | determined | determine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 5 counting | mark |
| 5 | counting | count | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 determined | advcl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 markings | det |
| 7 | markings | marking | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 counting | obj |
| 8 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 10 road | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 road | det |
| 10 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 counting | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | determine | present · passive | Distance | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 2 | count | gerund | the markings | upon the road | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent marking=Theme |
Option 4
Distance is determined by the echoes of the engine
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 determined | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 determined | aux:pass |
| 3 | determined | determine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 echoes | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 echoes | det |
| 6 | echoes | echo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 determined | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 engine | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 engine | det |
| 9 | engine | engine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 echoes | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | determine | present · passive | the echoes of the engine | Distance | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/40-self-driving-cars-and-machines-that-run-themselves/e1/