Exam question 2 · Clothes: T-shirts, jeans and trainers

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the mechanism of a sewing machine?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: mechanism

This is exam question 2 of lesson 5 «Clothes: T-shirts, jeans and trainers» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 mechanism	det
10	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 machine	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 machine	det
13	sewing	sewing	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 machine	compound
14	machine	machine	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 mechanism	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the mechanism of a sewing machine				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Each stitch is fixed by the application of adhesive

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 stitch	det
2	stitch	stitch	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fixed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fixed	aux:pass
4	fixed	fix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 application	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 application	det
7	application	application	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fixed	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 adhesive	case
9	adhesive	adhesive	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 application	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fix	present · passive	the application of adhesive	each stitch					vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	apply		adhesive						nom application «act intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2

The needle ties a small knot upon each passage through the fabric, as a hand would when sewing

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 needle	det
2	needle	needle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ties	nsubj
3	ties	tie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 knot	det
5	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 knot	amod
6	knot	knot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ties	obj
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 passage	case
8	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	9 passage	det
9	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ties	obl
10	through	through	ADP	_	12 fabric	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 fabric	det
12	fabric	fabric	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ties	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 sewing	punct
14	as	as	SCONJ	_	17 would	mark
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 hand	det
16	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 would	nsubj
17	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	19 sewing	aux
18	when	when	SCONJ	_	19 sewing	mark
19	sewing	sew	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 ties	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tie	present	the needle	a small knot		the fabric		upon each passage	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knot=Patient
2	sew	would	the needle not said here						vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 3

The threads are fused together by heat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 threads	det
2	threads	thread	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 fused	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fused	aux:pass
4	fused	fuse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	together	together	ADV	_	4 fused	advmod
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 heat	case
7	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fused	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fuse	present · passive	heat	the threads				together property	vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A hook beneath the fabric loops the upper thread around a second thread, locking each stitch

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 hook	det
2	hook	hook	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 loops	nsubj
3	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	5 fabric	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 fabric	det
5	fabric	fabric	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hook	nmod
6	loops	loop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 thread	det
8	upper	upper	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 thread	amod
9	thread	thread	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 loops	obj
10	around	around	ADP	_	13 thread	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 thread	det
12	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	13 thread	amod
13	thread	thread	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 loops	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 locking	punct
15	locking	lock	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 loops	advcl
16	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	17 stitch	det
17	stitch	stitch	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 locking	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	loop	present	a hook beneath the fabric	the upper thread		a second thread			vn coil-9.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent thread=Theme around thread=Destination
2	lock	gerund	a hook beneath the fabric not said here	each stitch					vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stitch=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/5-clothes-t-shirts-jeans-and-trainers/e2/