Exam question 2 · Pencils, paper and school things

Identify the principal reason for which corrugated cardboard is able to bear considerable loads.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, corrugated cardboard · What happens: identify, corrugate, be, bear · To what, where: principal reason, considerable loads

This is exam question 2 of lesson 6 «Pencils, paper and school things» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 able	obl
7	corrugated	corrugate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 cardboard	amod
8	cardboard	cardboard	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 able	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 able	cop
10	able	able	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	acl
11	to	to	PART	_	12 bear	mark
12	bear	bear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 able	xcomp
13	considerable	considerable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 loads	amod
14	loads	load	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 bear	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	corrugate	participle				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	is	present	corrugated cardboard		for the principal reason; able property	tree rules
4	bear	to-infinitive	corrugated cardboard not said here	considerable loads		vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is entirely saturated with glue

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 saturated	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 saturated	aux:pass
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	4 saturated	advmod
4	saturated	saturate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 glue	case
6	glue	glue	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 saturated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	saturate	present · passive		It				with glue; entirely property	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with glue=Theme

Option 2

It is reinforced throughout with fine steel wire concealed within each layer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 reinforced	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reinforced	aux:pass
3	reinforced	reinforce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	8 wire	case
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 wire	case
6	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 wire	amod
7	steel	steel	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 wire	compound
8	wire	wire	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reinforced	obl
9	concealed	conceal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 wire	acl
10	within	within	ADP	_	12 layer	case
11	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	12 layer	det
12	layer	layer	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concealed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reinforce	present · passive		It			throughout fine steel wire		vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	conceal	participle		fine steel wire not said here				within each layer	vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Its undulating middle layer stiffens it in the manner of a bridge's arches

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 layer	nmod:poss
2	undulating	undulate	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 layer	amod
3	middle	middle	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 layer	amod
4	layer	layer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stiffens	nsubj
5	stiffens	stiffen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 stiffens	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 manner	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 manner	det
9	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stiffens	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	14 arches	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 bridge	det
12	bridge	bridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 arches	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 bridge	case
14	arches	arch	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 manner	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undulate	gerund							vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	stiffen	present	Its undulating middle layer	it		the manner of a bridge's arches			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 4

It is manufactured from solid timber

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 manufactured	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 manufactured	aux:pass
3	manufactured	manufacture	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 timber	case
5	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 timber	amod
6	timber	timber	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 manufactured	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	manufacture	present · passive		It		solid timber			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from timber=Material

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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