Exam question 4 · Goodbyes, coming in, yes and no

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the affirmatives tak and AHA?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: affirmatives tak

This is exam question 4 of lesson 2 «Goodbyes, coming in, yes and no» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 tak	det
10	affirmatives	affirmative	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 tak	compound
11	tak	tak	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 AHA	cc
13	AHA	AHA	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 tak	conj
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the affirmatives tak and AHA				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Both signify yes, whereas AHA is casual and may appear lazy when addressed to an elder

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 signify	advmod
2	signify	signify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	2 signify	discourse
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 casual	punct
5	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	8 casual	mark
6	AHA	AHA	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 casual	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 casual	cop
8	casual	casual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 signify	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 appear	cc
10	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 appear	aux
11	appear	appear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 signify	conj
12	lazy	lazy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 appear	xcomp
13	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	14 addressed	advmod
14	addressed	address	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 appear	xcomp
15	to	to	ADP	_	17 elder	case
16	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 elder	det
17	elder	elder	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 addressed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	signify	present			vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot
2	is	present	AHA	casual property	tree rules
3	appear	may		lazy property	vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute
4	address	participle		to a elder	vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Both signify no, whereas tak is impolite

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 signify	advmod
2	signify	signify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	2 signify	discourse
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 impolite	punct
5	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	8 impolite	mark
6	tak	tak	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 impolite	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 impolite	cop
8	impolite	impolite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 signify	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	signify	present							vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot
2	is	present	tak					impolite property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

tak signifies no and AHA signifies yes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	tak	tak	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 signifies	nsubj
2	signifies	signify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 signifies	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 signifies	cc
5	AHA	AHA	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 signifies	nsubj
6	signifies	signify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 signifies	conj
7	yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 signifies	discourse

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	signify	present	tak	no					vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot no=Theme
2	signify	present	AHA						vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot

Option 4

AHA is the more formal of the two

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	AHA	aha	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 formal	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 formal	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 formal	det
4	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 formal	advmod
5	formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 two	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 two	det
8	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 formal	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	AHA					of the two; formal property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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