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Exam question 2 · Animal sounds, rain, snow, sun and rainbows

It is given that the adverb "kholodno" and the adjective "hoLOdnyi" are phonetically similar. Select the statement most consistent with the established facts concerning their meanings.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: adverb, you, established facts, facts · What happens: give, be, select, establish, concern, mean · To what, where: It, statement, meanings

This is exam question 2 of lesson 23 «Animal sounds, rain, snow, sun and rainbows» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that the adverb "kholodno" and the adjective "hoLOdnyi" are phonetically similar.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	18 similar	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 adverb	det
6	adverb	adverb	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 similar	nsubj
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 kholodno	punct
8	kholodno	kholodno	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 adverb	appos
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 kholodno	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 adjective	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 adjective	det
12	adjective	adjective	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 adverb	conj
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 hoLOdnyi	punct
14	hoLOdnyi	hoLOdnyi	X	_	12 adjective	appos
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 hoLOdnyi	punct
16	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 similar	cop
17	phonetically	phonetically	ADV	_	18 similar	advmod
18	similar	similar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 given	advcl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	is	present	the adverb and the adjective					phonetically, similar property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Select the statement most consistent with the established facts concerning their meanings.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 statement	det
3	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	5 consistent	advmod
5	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 statement	amod
6	with	with	ADP	_	9 facts	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 facts	det
8	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 facts	amod
9	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 consistent	obl
10	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 facts	acl
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 meanings	nmod:poss
12	meanings	meaning	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 concerning	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the statement					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent statement=Theme
2	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	facts's meanings					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus meaning=Experiencer
4	mean		facts = fact						nom meaning «communication transitive»: poss=agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Both signify coldness

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 signify	advmod
2	signify	signify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	coldness	coldness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 signify	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	signify	present		coldness					vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot coldness=Theme

Option 2

The former signifies hunger and the latter coldness

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 former	det
2	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 signifies	nsubj
3	signifies	signify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	hunger	hunger	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 signifies	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 coldness	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 coldness	det
7	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 coldness	amod
8	coldness	coldness	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hunger	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	signify	present	the former	hunger and the latter coldness					vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot hunger=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The former signifies coldness and the latter hunger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 former	det
2	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 signifies	nsubj
3	signifies	signify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	coldness	coldness	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 signifies	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 hunger	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 hunger	det
7	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 hunger	amod
8	hunger	hunger	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 coldness	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	signify	present	the former	coldness and the latter hunger					vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot coldness=Theme

Option 4

Both signify hunger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 signify	advmod
2	signify	signify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	hunger	hunger	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 signify	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	signify	imperative	you not said here	hunger					vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot hunger=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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