Exam question 3 · Day and night

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the apparent diurnal motion of the Sun?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Sun · What happens: follow, characteris, motion · To what, where: apparent diurnal motion

This is exam question 3 of lesson 1 «Day and night» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 motion	det
10	apparent	apparent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 motion	amod
11	diurnal	diurnal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 motion	amod
12	motion	motion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 Sun	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Sun	det
15	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 motion	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the apparent diurnal motion of the Sun	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	motion		the Sun			nom motion «communication intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It appears to rise in the west and set in the east

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 appears	nsubj
2	appears	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 rise	mark
4	rise	rise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 appears	xcomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 west	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 west	det
7	west	west	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rise	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 set	cc
9	set	set	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 west	acl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 east	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 east	det
12	east	east	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 set	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	appear	present	It			vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute
2	rise	to-infinitive			the west	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in west=Location
3	set	participle		the west not said here	the east	vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in east=Destination

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It appears to rise in the east and set in the west owing to the Earth's rotation

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 appears	nsubj
2	appears	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 rise	mark
4	rise	rise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 appears	xcomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 east	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 east	det
7	east	east	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rise	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 set	cc
9	set	set	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 rise	conj
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 west	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 west	det
12	west	west	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 set	obl
13	owing	owe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 west	acl
14	to	to	ADP	_	18 rotation	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 Earth	det
16	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 rotation	nmod:poss
17	's	's	PART	_	16 Earth	case
18	rotation	rotation	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 owing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	appear	present	It			vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute
2	rise	to-infinitive		the east		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in east=Location
3	set	infinitive		the west		vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in west=Destination
4	owe	gerund	the west not said here		to the Earth's rotation goal	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to rotation=Goal
5	rotate		the Earth			nom rotation «act intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

It moves eastward across the heavens each morning

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 moves	nsubj
2	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	eastward	eastward	ADV	_	2 moves	advmod
4	across	across	ADP	_	6 heavens	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 heavens	det
6	heavens	heaven	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 moves	obl
7	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	8 morning	det
8	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 moves	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	present	It			the heavens	morning	eastward property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme across heaven=Trajectory

Option 4

It actually travels from east to west about a stationary Earth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 travels	nsubj
2	actually	actually	ADV	_	3 travels	advmod
3	travels	travel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 east	case
5	east	east	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 travels	obl
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 west	case
7	west	west	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 travels	obl
8	about	about	ADP	_	10 stationary	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 stationary	det
10	stationary	stationary	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 west	nmod
11	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 stationary	appos

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	travel	present	It			east		to west about a stationary; actually property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to west=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/1-day-and-night/e3/