Exam question 1 · Thinking like an astronomer
Identify the principal reason for which the same face of the Moon is perpetually presented to the Earth.
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, present · To what, where: principal reason, same face
This is exam question 1 of lesson 10 «Thinking like an astronomer» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 reason | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 reason | amod |
| 4 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 which | case |
| 6 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 presented | obl |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 face | det |
| 8 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 face | amod |
| 9 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 presented | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 Moon | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Moon | det |
| 12 | Moon | Moon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 face | nmod |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 presented | aux:pass |
| 14 | perpetually | perpetually | ADV | _ | 15 presented | advmod |
| 15 | presented | present | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 reason | acl:relcl |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 Earth | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Earth | det |
| 18 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 presented | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the principal reason | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme | ||||
| 2 | present | present · passive | the same face of the Moon | for the principal reason; to the Earth; perpetually property | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme for which=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ✓ the right answer
Its rotation and its revolution about the Earth occupy equal periods
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 rotation | nmod:poss |
| 2 | rotation | rotation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 occupy | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 revolution | cc |
| 4 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 revolution | nmod:poss |
| 5 | revolution | revolution | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 rotation | conj |
| 6 | about | about | ADP | _ | 8 Earth | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Earth | det |
| 8 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 revolution | nmod |
| 9 | occupy | occupy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | equal | equal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 periods | amod |
| 11 | periods | period | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 occupy | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | occupy | present | Its rotation and its revolution about the Earth | equal periods | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus period=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | rotate | Its = it | nom rotation «act intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 3 | revolt | its = it | about the Earth | nom revolution «event intransitive»: poss=agent about=obl |
Option 2
It does not rotate upon its axis at all
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 rotate | nsubj |
| 2 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 rotate | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 rotate | advmod |
| 4 | rotate | rotate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 7 axis | case |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 axis | nmod:poss |
| 7 | axis | axis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 rotate | obl |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 all | case |
| 9 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 rotate | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not rotate | present · do-support | It | all | upon its axis | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme upon axis=Source at all=Trajectory |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice
The Earth's gravity prevents it from turning
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Earth | det |
| 2 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 gravity | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 Earth | case |
| 4 | gravity | gravity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 prevents | nsubj |
| 5 | prevents | prevent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 prevents | obj |
| 7 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 8 turning | mark |
| 8 | turning | turn | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 prevents | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | prevent | present | the Earth's gravity | Earth | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer it=Theme | ||||
| 2 | turn | gerund | the Earth's gravity not said here | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
Its far side is permanently in darkness
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 side | nmod:poss |
| 2 | far | far | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 side | amod |
| 3 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 darkness | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 darkness | cop |
| 5 | permanently | permanently | ADV | _ | 7 darkness | advmod |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 darkness | case |
| 7 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Its far side | darkness | permanently property | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/10-reasoning-about-space/e1/