Test 3 · Solids, liquids and gases

Why can a gas be squeezed but a solid hardly at all?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: squeeze · To what, where: gas

This is test 3 of lesson 11 «Solids, liquids and gases» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 squeezed	advmod
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 squeezed	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 gas	det
4	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 squeezed	nsubj:pass
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 squeezed	aux:pass
6	squeezed	squeeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	9 solid	cc
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 solid	det
9	solid	solid	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 squeezed	conj
10	hardly	hardly	ADV	_	6 squeezed	advmod
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 all	case
12	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	10 hardly	obl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 squeezed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	squeeze	can · passive		a gas				hardly property	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Gas particles are softer than solid ones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 particles	compound
2	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 softer	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 softer	cop
4	softer	soft	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	7 ones	case
6	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 ones	amod
7	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 softer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Gas particles					than solid ones; soft property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Gas particles have lots of space between them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 particles	compound
2	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	lots	lot	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 space	case
6	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lots	nmod
7	between	between	ADP	_	8 them	case
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 space	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Gas particles	lots of space between lots					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient

Option 3

Solid particles are much bigger than gas ones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 particles	amod
2	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bigger	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 bigger	cop
4	much	much	ADV	_	5 bigger	advmod
5	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	than	than	ADP	_	8 ones	case
7	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 ones	compound
8	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bigger	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Solid particles					than gas ones; big property	tree rules

Option 4

Gases have no particles in them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gases	gas	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 particles	det
4	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 them	case
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 have	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Gases	no particles				in particles = particle	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent particle=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/11-solids-liquids-gases/t3/