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Test 11 · ★ · Leap years and 29 February birthdays

A cartoon says leap years exist "so February isn't lonely". Put it right.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cartoon, leap years, February, you · What happens: say, exist, not be, put · To what, where: it · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 112 «Leap years and 29 February birthdays» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cartoon says leap years exist "so February isn't lonely".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cartoon	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	leap	leap	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 years	compound
5	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 exist	nsubj
6	exist	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 exist	punct
8	so	so	SCONJ	_	12 lonely	mark
9	February	February	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 lonely	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 lonely	cop
11	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 lonely	advmod
12	lonely	lonely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 says	ccomp
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 lonely	punct
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a cartoon						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	exist	present	leap years						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	not is in a quote	present	February					lonely property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Put it right.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Put	put	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Put	obj
3	right	right	ADV	_	1 Put	advmod
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	imperative	you not said here	it				right property	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They exist to give people a free holiday

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 exist	nsubj
2	exist	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 give	mark
4	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 exist	advcl
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 give	iobj
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 holiday	det
7	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 holiday	amod
8	holiday	holiday	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 give	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	present	They						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	give	to-infinitive	They not said here	a free holiday	people				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent people=Recipient holiday=Theme

Option 2

They exist because the Moon is late every year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 exist	nsubj
2	exist	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 late	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Moon	det
5	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 late	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 late	cop
7	late	late	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 exist	advcl
8	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	9 year	det
9	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 late	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	present	They						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	the Moon				year	late property	tree rules

Option 3

They exist because February is the shortest month

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 exist	nsubj
2	exist	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 month	mark
4	February	February	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 month	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 month	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 month	det
7	shortest	short	ADJ	Degree=Sup	8 month	amod
8	month	month	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 exist	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	present	They						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is a	present	February	the shortest month					tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

They keep the calendar in step with the Earth's trip round the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 keep	nsubj
2	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 calendar	det
4	calendar	calendar	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keep	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 step	case
6	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keep	obl
7	with	with	ADP	_	11 trip	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Earth	det
9	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 trip	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 Earth	case
11	trip	trip	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keep	obl
12	round	round	ADP	_	14 Sun	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Sun	det
14	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 trip	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	They	the calendar				in step; with the Earth's trip round the Sun	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent calendar=Theme in step=Location
2	trip		the Earth					round the Sun	nom trip «act transitive»: poss=agent round=obl

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/112-leap-years-and-29-february-birthdays/t11/